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Notes/Turkish/Reading: Paper 1 Section B, the reading half of Paper 3 Section B, and how to read Turkish fast
Notes · TurkishUK · A-Levels

Reading: Paper 1 Section B, the reading half of Paper 3 Section B, and how to read Turkish fast

This topic carries Paper 1 Section B, the reading section, together with the reading half of Paper 3 Section B. Paper 1 Section B is 20 marks over a recommended 45 minutes and consists of four questions, a mixture of multiple-choice and open response, on texts that are authentic or adapted from authentic sources. The specification describes those texts carefully: they contain both factual and abstract content, they are contemporary, historical, literary, fiction and non-fiction, they are written for different purposes and audiences, they are drawn from across the four themes, and they include an extended passage. All questions in Sections B and C of Paper 1 are set in Turkish and must be answered in Turkish. Reading Turkish at speed is a distinct skill from reading a European language, because Turkish is agglutinative and left-branching: the head of a phrase comes last, modification is stacked in front of it, and the verb that carries negation, modality and evidentiality arrives at the end of the sentence. This topic teaches the parsing habits that make that manageable, and the question-type triage that turns them into marks.

5 sections·~30 min reading time·4 competencies·Level Foundation 1 · Standard 3 · Advanced 1

T·0999 / 12
Exam profile
AO2 · Understand main points, detail and inference in written Turkish of several registers, and respond in writingAO3 · Write accurate Turkish answers that demonstrate comprehension without reproducing the textAO4 · Bring thematic knowledge to bear so that an unfamiliar text is read with context rather than coldAO2 · Assimilate and use information from written sources, including in combination with a spoken source
Operators:belirlemekçıkarım yapmakaçıklamaközetlemekyorumlamakseçmekgerekçelendirmekaktarmak

basic level

At first-year standard the expectation is that a factual passage can be read for main points, that an answer is written in Turkish rather than English, and that an answer is a clause of the student's own rather than a sentence lifted from the text.

higher level

The full A-Level expects inference from abstract and literary material, an ability to read a long pre-nominal modification chain by finding its head noun first, and answers that identify what a text implies without stating.

Depth

Reading depth: In depth

Text

Text size: Standard

Contents · 5 sections▾
  1. Reading: Paper 1 Section B, the reading half of Paper 3 Section B, and how to read Turkish fast
    • 01The anatomy of Paper 1, and where Section B sits in it○
    • 02Reading Turkish at speed: find the head noun, then read leftwards◐
    • 03Question-type triage: multiple choice, detail, inference and stance◐
    • 04Literary, historical and fictional texts: the registers Section B can set●
    • 05The reading half of Paper 3 Section B, and how it differs from Paper 1◐
§ 01

The anatomy of Paper 1, and where Section B sits in it#

●○○FoundationLPPearson Edexcel 9TU0 Paper 1 — Translation into English, reading comprehension and writing (research question)LPDfE GCE AS and A level subject content for modern foreign languages

Paper 1, section by section

Paper 1: translation, reading and the research questionTable with 5 columns and 4 rows, Data: Part · Marks · Time · Task · Language; Section A · 20 · 20 min · one unseen Turkish passage translated into English; points-based, one mark per correct section of language · set in Turkish, answered in English; Section B · 20 · 45 min · four questions on authentic or adapted texts, multiple-choice and open-response, including an extended passage · set in Turkish, answered in Turkish; Section C · 40 · 1 h 25 · one unseen text on the chosen research subject plus a statement to respond to, in about 300 to 350 words · set in Turkish, answered in Turkish; Whole paper · 80 · 2 h 30 · 40 per cent of the A-Level; assesses synopticity; no dictionary and no research documentation · Turkish except Section APARTMARKSTIMETASKLANGUAGESECTION A2020 minone unseen Turkish passagetranslated into English;points-based, one mark percorrect section of languageset in Turkish, answered inEnglishSECTION B2045 minfour questions on authenticor adapted texts, multiple-choice and open-response,including an extendedpassageset in Turkish, answered inTurkishSECTION C401 h 25one unseen text on thechosen research subject plusa statement to respond to,in about 300 to 350 wordsset in Turkish, answered inTurkishWHOLE PAPER802 h 3040 per cent of the A-Level;assesses synopticity; nodictionary and no researchdocumentationTurkish except Section A
Fig. 1The value of seeing this laid out is the time-to-marks ratio. Section A is a mark a minute; Section B is a mark every two and a quarter minutes; Section C is a mark every two minutes but with a great deal of thinking to do inside them. That tells you where slippage is affordable and where it is not: five minutes lost in Section A costs five marks' worth of the translation, while five minutes lost from Section C's planning can cost far more than five, because the plan is what makes the other eighty minutes productive. Note also the language column. It is the only column that varies within this Edexcel family, it is the one candidates most often assume rather than check, and in 9TU0 the answer is Turkish everywhere except Section A.

Key points

Paper 1 is the largest component in the qualification: 80 marks over two hours thirty minutes, worth 40 per cent of the A-Level, in three compulsory sections. Section A is the translation into English for 20 marks over a recommended 20 minutes. Section B is reading for 20 marks over a recommended 45 minutes. Section C is the research question for 40 marks over a recommended 1 hour 25 minutes. That distribution is worth internalising because it is unbalanced on purpose: Section C is half the paper and a fifth of the whole A-Level, and Sections A and B together take just over an hour for the other half. No dictionary is permitted, and no documentation relating to the research may be brought in.
Section B gives four questions, mixing multiple choice with open response. The texts are described in unusual detail by the specification and every clause of that description tells you something about preparation. Authentic or adapted from authentic sources means real Turkish, not textbook Turkish. Both factual and abstract content means you will meet argument as well as report. Contemporary, historical, literary, fiction and non-fiction means the register range is wide, and a historical or literary extract may contain vocabulary the modern press does not use. Written for different purposes and audiences means an editorial, a letter, an advertisement and a report are all possible. And including an extended passage means one of the texts will be long enough that time management inside the section matters.
The language rule for this paper needs stating precisely because it varies within this Edexcel family. In 9TU0, all questions in Sections B and C are set in Turkish and must be answered in Turkish; only Section A produces English, and it does so because it is a translation into English. There is no section anywhere in this qualification that is set in English. A candidate who has read about a sister language in the same family — Japanese, for instance, whose Paper 1 Section B is set and answered in English — must not carry that assumption across. Check the paper's own rubric, but expect Turkish throughout.
The most useful single habit for this section is to read the questions before the text. Turkish question stems are short and they name their subject: Yazara göre ... nedir? tells you the passage contains an authorial position; Metinde hangi görüş eleştirilmektedir? tells you it contains more than one and that one of them is attacked; Aşağıdakilerden hangisi metne göre doğrudur? is a multiple-choice truth test. Reading the four stems first turns the passage from something to be understood in general into four specific searches, and in a 45-minute section on a long text that is the difference between finishing and not.
Worked example

Paper 1 Section B: triage across four questions before reading a word of the text

You have opened Section B. Four question stems and an extended passage. Spend three minutes before reading.

  1. 01Classify each stem by what it is asking for

    A stem beginning Aşağıdakilerden hangisi is multiple choice and can be attacked by elimination against the text. A stem containing kaç or ne kadar wants a quantity and the answer will be in one sentence of the text. A stem containing Neden or Niçin wants a reason, and the answer will contain için, çünkü, nedeniyle or a -DIk plus için construction. A stem containing Yazar or Yazara göre wants the writer's own position, which is often not stated directly and must be inferred from the connectives.

  2. 02Predict where in the passage each answer lives

    Turkish expository prose is conventionally organised, and a long passage will usually state its subject in the first paragraph, develop two or three positions in the middle, and either conclude or refuse to conclude at the end. Questions about facts live in the middle; questions about the writer's stance live in the first and last paragraphs and in the connectives between the middle ones. Marking a rough zone against each question before reading saves rereading.

  3. 03Read the whole passage once at speed, marking only zones

    The first read is not for comprehension of every clause; it is for structure. Mark where each position begins, mark every attribution frame — göre, iddia ediyor, savunuyor, belirtiyor — and mark every strong connective — ancak, oysa, buna karşılık, dolayısıyla, nitekim. Those marks are the skeleton of the passage's argument and they answer stance questions almost by themselves.

  4. 04Then answer in order of certainty, not in order of number

    Do the multiple choice and the detail questions first, because they are quick and their marks are not at risk from time pressure. Leave the inference question until you have read the relevant zone twice. And write every answer in Turkish, in one clause where one clause will do, with the case endings checked. Two of the four answers being right and clean is worth more than four answers half-written in the last five minutes.

Result: A three-minute triage that produces: each stem classified by answer type, a predicted zone for each, a structural read that marks attributions and connectives, and an answering order based on certainty rather than on question number.

Exam focus

  • Paper 1: 80 marks, 2 h 30, 40 per cent. Section A 20, Section B 20, Section C 40.
  • Section B texts: authentic or adapted, factual and abstract, several genres and purposes, including an extended passage.
  • Everything in Sections B and C is set in Turkish and answered in Turkish. Only Section A produces English.
  • Read the four question stems before the text. Each one turns the passage into a specific search.

Typical mistakes

  • Answering Section B in English because that is what Section A produced.
  • Reading the whole extended passage carefully before looking at any question.
  • Assuming Section B works as it does in a sister language of the same Edexcel family. Check this specification.
  • Spending the same time on the four questions when one carries a long text and three do not.

Active revision

Take a real Turkish feature article of about 700 words, write four questions on it in Turkish yourself — one multiple choice, one detail, one inference, one about the writer's stance — and then answer them to time, in Turkish, in 45 minutes.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Turkish (9TU0) specification (Pearson Edexcel)

§ 02

Reading Turkish at speed: find the head noun, then read leftwards#

●●○StandardLPPearson Edexcel 9TU0 Paper 1 Section B — readingLPPearson Edexcel 9TU0 Appendix 2 — participles and noun phrases

Key points

Turkish builds phrases in the opposite direction from English. Where English says the problems faced by the families who migrated from the village to the city last year, Turkish says geçen yıl köyden şehre göç eden ailelerin karşılaştığı sorunlar — head noun last, everything else piled in front of it. The reading habit that follows is mechanical and should become automatic: find the head noun first, which is the last word of the phrase before a case ending or a verb, then read leftwards, taking each participle with the noun it governs. A reader who processes such a phrase from left to right in English order will be lost by the fourth word and will still be lost when the head arrives.
The second habit concerns the verb. Turkish is verb-final, and the verb carries negation, tense, evidentiality, modality, potentiality and person, all in one stacked word at the end of the clause. Nothing in the clause is settled until it arrives. Gelmediğini söyledi and geldiğini söylemedi contain the same morphemes and mean quite different things — he said that he did not come, and he did not say that he came. So do not commit to an interpretation of a Turkish clause before its verb; the discipline of reading to the end of the clause before deciding what it means is the single largest gain available to a fast reader of Turkish.
The third habit is peeling. An unfamiliar long word is almost always a familiar root with recognisable suffixes on it, and the fixed order tells you how to strip them. Take karşılaşılamayacağını. From the right: -ı is an accusative, so this is the object of a reporting verb; -n- is a buffer; -ğı- is the -DIk or -(y)AcAk nominaliser with a possessive; -acak- is the future; -ama- is the negative potential; -ıl- is the passive; and karşılaş- is the root, to encounter. Result: that it will not be possible to be encountered. You will not always need the whole analysis, but knowing that the analysis is available stops the panic that a fifteen-letter word produces.
The fourth habit is thematic. The specification says Section B texts are drawn across the four themes, so a passage will always be about something you have prepared. Identifying the sub-theme in the first sentence primes a whole vocabulary field: a text opening with taşımalı eğitim tells you that köy, ulaşım, devamsızlık, yatılı and okullaşma oranı are likely, and half of them will appear. That is not guessing; it is using AO4 knowledge to support AO2 comprehension, which is precisely the synoptic behaviour the specification says this paper assesses.
Worked example

Paper 1 Section B: reading an abstract passage and answering an inference question

Read as in Paper 1 Section B and answer in Turkish. Bir toplumun geleneklerini koruması ile onları değişmez saymanın aynı şey olmadığını görmek gerekir. Değişmeyen bir gelenek, çoğu zaman yaşayan bir gelenek değil, kayıt altına alınmış bir gelenektir. Bu ayrımı gözden kaçıranlar, her yeniliği bir kayıp olarak okuma eğilimindedir.

  1. 01Parse the first sentence by finding its main verb

    The main verb is gerekir, it is necessary, at the very end. What is necessary is görmek, to see, and what must be seen is the nominalisation aynı şey olmadığını, that they are not the same thing. What are not the same? Two nominalisations joined by ile: bir toplumun geleneklerini koruması, a society's preserving of its traditions, and onları değişmez saymanın, considering them unchanging. Both have their own subjects and objects. Render the sense: it is necessary to see that a society's preserving its traditions and treating them as unchanging are not the same thing.

  2. 02Read the second sentence's X değil, Y frame

    Değişmeyen bir gelenek ... yaşayan bir gelenek değil, kayıt altına alınmış bir gelenektir. Değişmeyen and yaşayan are -(y)An participles, negative and positive: an unchanging tradition, a living tradition. Kayıt altına alınmış is a passive perfect participle, one that has been recorded. So the claim is that an unchanging tradition is usually not living but archived. Çoğu zaman, usually, hedges it, and a question about how strongly the writer commits to this claim is answered by that phrase.

  3. 03Read the third sentence, which is the writer's judgement about readers

    Bu ayrımı gözden kaçıranlar, her yeniliği bir kayıp olarak okuma eğilimindedir. Gözden kaçıranlar is a participle nominalised as a subject, those who overlook. Okuma eğiliminde is a compound with the locative, in a tendency to read; -DIr makes it formal. Olarak marks the role: reading every innovation as a loss. So the third sentence characterises a group of readers and does so critically.

  4. 04Answer the inference question in Turkish

    For Yazar, geleneklerin değişmesini nasıl değerlendiriyor? Doğrudan söylemediği hâlde metinden ne çıkarılabilir?, the answer is: Yazar değişimi kendiliğinden bir kayıp saymıyor. Değişmeyen bir geleneği kayıt altına alınmış, yani artık yaşamayan bir gelenek olarak tanımlaması, değişimin canlılığın işareti olabileceğini ima ediyor. The marks are for reading the second sentence's definition as the ground of the inference, and for the verb ima etmek, to imply, which is the right word for something the text does not state.

Result: Model answer in Turkish: Yazar değişimi kendiliğinden bir kayıp saymıyor. Değişmeyen bir geleneği kayıt altına alınmış, yani artık yaşamayan bir gelenek olarak tanımlaması, değişimin canlılığın işareti olabileceğini ima ediyor.

Exam focus

  • Find the head noun, then read leftwards. Turkish modification comes before its head.
  • Read to the end of the clause. The verb carries negation, evidentiality and modality, and it comes last.
  • Peel a long word from the right, in the fixed suffix order. The root is nearly always familiar.
  • Identify the sub-theme in the first sentence and prime its vocabulary. That is AO4 supporting AO2.

Typical mistakes

  • Reading a pre-nominal chain in English order and abandoning the sentence.
  • Deciding what a clause means before its verb arrives.
  • Treating a long word as unknown vocabulary rather than as a known root under suffixes.
  • Reading a thematic passage without noticing which theme it belongs to.

Active revision

Take twenty long Turkish noun phrases from real articles and, for each, write down the head noun first and then the modifiers in the order you would need them in English. Then take twenty long verb forms and peel them from the right, naming each suffix in the fixed order.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Turkish (9TU0) specification (Pearson Edexcel)

§ 03

Question-type triage: multiple choice, detail, inference and stance#

●●○StandardLPPearson Edexcel 9TU0 Paper 1 Section B — multiple-choice and open-response questions

Key points

Multiple-choice questions in this section are decided by elimination against the text, and the distractors are built to a pattern. Expect an option that is true of the world but not stated in the text; an option that is stated in the text but does not answer the question asked; an option that is a correct statement with one quantifier or scope word altered — çoğu for bazı, her zaman for genellikle, tüm for bir kısım; and an option that reverses a causal direction. The method is to find the sentence in the text that bears on the stem, read it in full including its verb, and then test each option against that sentence rather than against your memory of the passage.
Detail questions are the cheapest marks in the section and the ones most often lost to carelessness. They ask what, when, how many, where. The answer is in the text and the only work is to locate it and to render it in your own Turkish clause. Two things lose these marks: answering in English, and answering with the text's own sentence. A detail answer should be a short clause that begins with the answer rather than with a preamble — not Metne göre bu konuda söylenebilecek şey şudur ki ..., but simply Üç ilde uygulanmıştır.
Inference questions ask what the text implies without stating, and they are decided by connectives and by grammar rather than by vocabulary. A writer who introduces a view with iddia ediliyor rather than belirtiliyor has signalled distance. A writer who follows a description with oysa has signalled that a correction is coming. A writer who uses -mIş throughout a paragraph is reporting rather than asserting. A writer who never uses a first-person form has withheld their own view, and the honest answer to a stance question may be that the writer does not state one — which is a real answer and earns marks, whereas an invented stance does not.
Answering in Turkish without lifting is the discipline that runs across all four types, and it is worth a mechanical routine. Read the question. Decide in one word what it wants: sebep, sonuç, fark, oran, görüş, ima. Locate the bearing sentence. Then write a clause using different vocabulary and, where possible, a different structure — if the text used a passive, use an active; if the text used a single verb, use a noun plus verb periphrasis. Metinde tartışılmaktadır becomes metinde ele alınmaktadır; azaldı becomes düşüş göstermiştir. That substitution is what demonstrates comprehension rather than transcription, and it is also free AO3 range.
Worked example

Paper 1 Section B: a multiple-choice question worked by elimination

The passage says: Bakanlık, önümüzdeki yıl on ilde uygulanacak yeni bir programın hazırlıklarını sürdürüyor. Program, ilk aşamada yalnızca ortaokulları kapsayacak; liselere ne zaman genişletileceği ise henüz açıklanmadı. The stem is: Metne göre aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur?

  1. 01Option A: Program bu yıl on ilde uygulanmaya başlamıştır

    False, and the error is a tense. The text says önümüzdeki yıl, next year, and uygulanacak, which will be applied — a future participle. Nothing has begun. This is the commonest kind of distractor in a Turkish reading paper because Turkish marks the future inside the participle, where a fast reader may not look. Eliminate.

  2. 02Option B: Program tüm okul türlerini kapsayacaktır

    False, and the error is scope. The text says ilk aşamada yalnızca ortaokulları kapsayacak — in the first phase, only middle schools. Tüm okul türleri, all school types, contradicts yalnızca. Note that the text does not deny that it may eventually cover more; it says the timing has not been announced. So B is wrong as stated, which is what the stem asks. Eliminate.

  3. 03Option C: Programın liselere ne zaman uygulanacağı belli değildir

    True, and it is a restatement in different words: the text's genişletileceği ise henüz açıklanmadı, when it will be extended has not yet been announced, becomes belli değildir, is not clear. A correct option in this paper is very often a paraphrase rather than a quotation, which is why matching words is the wrong test. Select.

  4. 04Option D: Bakanlık programı iptal etmiştir

    False and unsupported: the text says hazırlıklarını sürdürüyor, is continuing its preparations, which is the opposite. A wholly contradicted option is usually present in a four-option set as the easy elimination, and if it is not obviously present you should suspect that you have misread one of the others. Answer: C.

Result: Answer: C. The reasoning is that A fails on the future participle uygulanacak, B fails on yalnızca, D contradicts sürdürüyor, and C is a faithful paraphrase of açıklanmadı.

Exam focus

  • Test each multiple-choice option against the bearing sentence, not against your memory of the passage.
  • Detail answers: one short clause in Turkish, starting with the answer.
  • Inference is decided by connectives and grammar. Iddia ediliyor, oysa and -mIş are the signals.
  • Never lift. Substitute vocabulary and structure; it proves comprehension and earns range.

Typical mistakes

  • Choosing the option whose words appear in the passage. So do the distractors' words.
  • Writing a preamble before a one-clause detail answer, and losing accuracy marks in it.
  • Inventing a writer's stance when the text has deliberately withheld one.
  • Copying the text's sentence as the answer, which shows transcription and not comprehension.

Active revision

Take one Turkish opinion article and write eight answers to your own questions on it, then go back and rewrite every answer so that it shares no content word with the sentence it came from. Check that the meaning has survived every substitution.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Turkish (9TU0) specification (Pearson Edexcel)

§ 04

Literary, historical and fictional texts: the registers Section B can set#

●●●AdvancedLPPearson Edexcel 9TU0 Paper 1 Section B — contemporary, historical, literary, fiction and non-fiction sources

Key points

The specification's list of source types is wider than most candidates prepare for. Alongside contemporary journalism it names historical, literary and fiction sources, and texts written for different purposes and audiences. That means a Section B text may be an extract from a novel, a passage of historical narrative, a letter, an advertisement or a public information notice, and each of those has conventions that affect how it should be read. A narrative extract will use the -DI past for foreground events and the -Iyor or imperfect for background; a historical passage will use passives and nominalisations heavily; an advertisement will use imperatives and the aorist; a letter will use formal address forms and the -DIr copula.
Older and literary Turkish carries vocabulary the modern press has largely replaced, and recognising it is a real advantage. The doublets created by the language reform, treated fully in political-life-1, mean that a literary text may use hayat, cevap, mesele, kelime, tabiat, hürriyet and vazife where a modern report would use yaşam, yanıt, sorun, sözcük, doğa, özgürlük and görev. Older texts may also use Persian and Arabic constructions such as the izafet, joining two nouns with an -i, in fixed phrases like tarih-i kadim or Millî Mücadele; and forms such as bilhassa, binaenaleyh, maamafih and şayet, whose modern equivalents are özellikle, bu nedenle, bununla birlikte and eğer.
Literary extracts also require a different kind of question to be answered. A question on a narrative passage may ask about the narrator's attitude, about what a described detail suggests, or about why an event is told in a particular order. The evidence for such answers is the text's grammar as much as its content: a shift from -DI to -mIş inside a narrative signals that the narrator is stepping back from vouching for what follows; a sentence in devrik cümle order, with the verb moved from its final position, signals emphasis or a spoken voice; a piece of free indirect discourse, in which a character's thought is rendered in third person without a reporting verb, appears in Turkish as it does in English and must be recognised.
The practical preparation is straightforward and should be part of the year. Read one page a week of Turkish that is not journalism — a short story, a memoir, a page of a novel, an older essay — and each time write down five words you did not know and identify the register that produced them. Over a year that is fifty pages and two hundred and fifty words, which is more than enough to remove the shock of an unexpected register in June. It also feeds Paper 2 directly, because the prescribed literary texts are read in exactly these registers.
Worked example

Paper 1 Section B: reading a narrative extract and answering a question about how it is told

Read as in Paper 1 Section B and answer in Turkish. Kapıyı açtı, içeri girdi, ceketini iskemlenin arkasına astı. Sonra durdu. Masanın üstünde, sabah bıraktığı yerde duran mektup açılmıştı. Kim açmış olabilirdi? Evde kimse yoktu, olamazdı da.

  1. 01Notice the shift from -DI to -mIş and what it does

    The first sentence is a chain of -DI verbs — açtı, girdi, astı — the witnessed past, which is the ordinary tense of narrative foreground. Then açılmıştı: passive, -mIş, plus the narrative marker, so had been opened. The shift is not decorative. -mIş marks something discovered rather than witnessed, and the pluperfect places it before the character's arrival. In one word the text tells us that the character has come upon a state of affairs he did not see produced.

  2. 02Read the free indirect question

    Kim açmış olabilirdi? has no reporting verb and no quotation marks, and it is not the narrator asking. It is the character's thought given in the narrator's grammar — free indirect discourse. The form açmış olabilirdi stacks the -mIş participle with olmak, the potential -(y)Abil-, the aorist and the narrative marker: who could have opened it. A question about whose question this is has the answer the character, and the evidence is the absence of a reporting verb.

  3. 03Read the last sentence's two negatives and the particle

    Evde kimse yoktu, olamazdı da. Kimse with a negative gives nobody. Olamazdı is the negative potential of olmak in the past: there could not have been. The final da is the additive particle, and here it does the work of English and there could not have been either — a small word carrying the character's reasoning. Turkish narrative uses de and da constantly in this way and a reader who skips them loses the voice.

  4. 04Answer the question about narration in Turkish

    For Anlatıcı, olayları kimin bakış açısından aktarıyor? Metinden gerekçe gösteriniz, the answer is: Anlatıcı üçüncü tekil kişi kullansa da olayları karakterin bakış açısından aktarıyor. Kim açmış olabilirdi? sorusu bir aktarma fiili olmadan verilmiştir; ayrıca mektubun açılmış olması -mIş ekiyle, yani karakterin tanık olmadığı bir durum olarak sunulmaktadır. Two pieces of grammatical evidence for a point about narration is exactly what a top-band answer to this kind of question looks like.

Result: Model answer in Turkish: Anlatıcı üçüncü tekil kişi kullansa da olayları karakterin bakış açısından aktarıyor. Kim açmış olabilirdi? sorusu bir aktarma fiili olmadan verilmiştir; ayrıca mektubun açılmış olması -mIş ekiyle, karakterin tanık olmadığı bir durum olarak sunulmaktadır.

Exam focus

  • Section B can set narrative, historical, literary, advertising and epistolary texts. Prepare for all of them.
  • Language-reform doublets mean older texts use hayat, mesele, kelime where modern reports use yaşam, sorun, sözcük.
  • In narrative, a shift from -DI to -mIş is a shift in the narrator's stance, not a change of tense.
  • Devrik cümle, inverted word order, marks emphasis or a spoken voice.

Typical mistakes

  • Preparing exclusively with news Turkish and meeting a literary extract cold.
  • Treating an unfamiliar Arabic- or Persian-derived word as a mistake rather than as an older register.
  • Reading an evidential shift in a narrative as an inconsistency instead of as a narrative move.
  • Answering a literary question with content when the question is about how the passage is told.

Active revision

Read one page each of a Turkish short story, a memoir written before 1960, and a contemporary news feature. For each, list five words that would not appear in the other two, and write one sentence in Turkish identifying the register from its grammar rather than from its subject.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Turkish (9TU0) specification (Pearson Edexcel)

§ 05

The reading half of Paper 3 Section B, and how it differs from Paper 1#

●●○StandardLPPearson Edexcel 9TU0 Paper 3 Section B — a listening source and a reading text on the same sub-theme

Key points

Paper 3 Section B contains a reading text as well as a recording, and reading it is a different task from Paper 1 Section B in three respects. First, there is only one text and it is paired with a recording on the same sub-theme, so its content will overlap with what you have just heard and that overlap is usable: a term you failed to catch in the recording may appear in print in the text. Second, the questions on it are not comprehension questions in the Paper 1 sense; 5(b) asks for a summary of the points of view it contains, and 5(c) asks for an evaluation of them. Third, the reading is in service of writing, not an end in itself.
The practical consequence is that you should read this text with a pen, marking positions rather than facts. Every time the text states a view, mark it and mark who holds it; every time it turns — ancak, oysa, buna karşılık, öte yandan — mark the turn; every time it hedges — çoğu zaman, genellikle, bir ölçüde, görünüyor — mark the hedge, because hedges are exactly what 5(c) evaluates. A text read this way yields 5(b) almost directly and gives 5(c) its raw material, whereas a text read for content yields a paraphrase and nothing else.
The relationship between the two sources is the thing 5(c) is really about, and it is worth predicting before you write. There are only a few possible relations and recognising which you have saves several minutes. The sources may hold opposed views on the same question; they may hold compatible views that are presented as opposed; they may address different questions and only appear to be in conversation; one may be a general claim and the other a single case; or one may have evidence and the other only assertion. Deciding which of those you are looking at is the first sentence of a good 5(c) and it makes the rest of the answer almost write itself.
One more difference is worth naming. In Paper 1 Section B you answer questions about a text; in Paper 3 Section B you use a text. That means selective quotation and precise paraphrase matter more here, and that the AO2 grid is rewarding your use of the written source to build an argument rather than your comprehension of it in the abstract. A 5(c) that engages closely with two sentences of the text will usually score better in AO2 than one that gestures at the whole thing, and the same is true of the recording for AO1. Depth of engagement with a little beats breadth of reference to everything.
Worked example

Paper 3 Section B: marking a text so that it yields 5(b) and feeds 5(c)

The sub-theme is İş dünyası. The text is an opinion column on vocational schooling. Show the marking method and what it produces.

  1. 01Mark every position and its holder

    Suppose the column contains: Sanayiciler, mezunların temel becerilerden yoksun olduğunu söylüyor. Okul yöneticileri ise atölye donanımının yetersizliğini gösteriyor. Bana kalırsa iki taraf da aynı bütçe sorununu farklı yerlerden anlatıyor. Three positions, three holders: industrialists, school managers, and the columnist. Mark each; the third is the writer's own and is signalled by bana kalırsa.

  2. 02Mark every turn

    İse after okul yöneticileri is a contrastive topic marker and turns the paragraph. Bana kalırsa turns it again, from reporting to arguing. Marking these two words gives you the paragraph's architecture in five seconds and tells you that the column's structure is report, report, synthesise — which is itself worth saying in 5(c).

  3. 03Mark every hedge, because 5(c) evaluates them

    Bana kalırsa is itself a hedge — as it seems to me — and it tells you the columnist is not claiming to have settled the question. If elsewhere the column writes çoğu zaman or bir ölçüde or görünüyor, mark those too. A 5(c) sentence such as Yazarın kendi görüşü, bana kalırsa ifadesiyle açıkça bir kanaat olarak sunulmaktadır; bu, iddianın gücünü sınırlamakta ama dürüstlüğünü artırmaktadır is evaluation of exactly the kind the grid wants and it came from noticing two words.

  4. 04Write 5(b) from the marks and keep the rest for 5(c)

    5(b): Yazıya göre sanayiciler mezunların temel becerilerden yoksun olduğunu ileri sürmekte; okul yöneticileri ise atölye donanımının yetersiz olduğunu belirtmektedir; yazarın kendisi ise her iki tarafın aynı bütçe sorununu farklı açılardan anlattığını savunmaktadır. Three positions, three frames, no evaluation. The hedges and the architecture stay in your notes for 5(c), where they are worth marks and where in 5(b) they are worth none.

Result: 5(b) in Turkish: Yazıya göre sanayiciler mezunların temel becerilerden yoksun olduğunu ileri sürmekte; okul yöneticileri ise atölye donanımının yetersizliğini belirtmektedir; yazar ise her iki tarafın aynı bütçe sorununu farklı açılardan anlattığını savunmaktadır.

Exam focus

  • The text and the recording share a sub-theme. Use the printed text to recover words you missed in the audio.
  • Read marking positions, turns and hedges rather than facts. That yields 5(b) and feeds 5(c).
  • Predict the relation between the two sources before writing 5(c). There are only a few possibilities.
  • Depth beats breadth in AO1 and AO2. Engage closely with a little of each source.

Typical mistakes

  • Reading the Paper 3 text as a Paper 1 comprehension text and summarising its content.
  • Ignoring hedges, which are the raw material of evaluation.
  • Assuming the two sources disagree because they are set together. Sometimes they do not.
  • Referring to the whole of each source in general terms rather than engaging closely with a specific claim.

Active revision

Take five pairs of Turkish sources on the same sub-theme, one spoken and one written. For each pair, write one sentence naming the relation between them from the five possibilities in this section, and then check whether your answer changes after you have read and listened twice.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Turkish (9TU0) specification (Pearson Edexcel)

Contents

Section -- / 05

    • 01The anatomy of Paper 1, and where Section B sits in it○
    • 02Reading Turkish at speed: find the head noun, then read leftwards◐
    • 03Question-type triage: multiple choice, detail, inference and stance◐
    • 04Literary, historical and fictional texts: the registers Section B can set●
    • 05The reading half of Paper 3 Section B, and how it differs from Paper 1◐

0/5 Read

From notes into training

Reading: Paper 1 Section B, the reading half of Paper 3 Section B, and how to read Turkish fast

Reinforce this topic with matching tasks from the question bank.

~30
min
4
Competencies
Practise

References & sources

Sources

Pearson Edexcel

  • Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Turkish (9TU0) specification

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