EuraStudy
This topic carries Paper 1 Section B, the reading section, together with the reading half of Paper 3 Section B. Paper 1 Section B is 20 marks over a recommended 45 minutes and consists of four questions, a mixture of multiple-choice and open response, on texts that are authentic or adapted from authentic sources. The specification describes those texts carefully: they contain both factual and abstract content, they are contemporary, historical, literary, fiction and non-fiction, they are written for different purposes and audiences, they are drawn from across the four themes, and they include an extended passage. All questions in Sections B and C of Paper 1 are set in Turkish and must be answered in Turkish. Reading Turkish at speed is a distinct skill from reading a European language, because Turkish is agglutinative and left-branching: the head of a phrase comes last, modification is stacked in front of it, and the verb that carries negation, modality and evidentiality arrives at the end of the sentence. This topic teaches the parsing habits that make that manageable, and the question-type triage that turns them into marks.
5 sections~30 min reading time4 competenciesLevel Foundation 1 · Standard 3 · Advanced 1
basic level
At first-year standard the expectation is that a factual passage can be read for main points, that an answer is written in Turkish rather than English, and that an answer is a clause of the student's own rather than a sentence lifted from the text.
higher level
The full A-Level expects inference from abstract and literary material, an ability to read a long pre-nominal modification chain by finding its head noun first, and answers that identify what a text implies without stating.
Reading depth: In depth
Text size: Standard
Paper 1, section by section
You have opened Section B. Four question stems and an extended passage. Spend three minutes before reading.
A stem beginning Aşağıdakilerden hangisi is multiple choice and can be attacked by elimination against the text. A stem containing kaç or ne kadar wants a quantity and the answer will be in one sentence of the text. A stem containing Neden or Niçin wants a reason, and the answer will contain için, çünkü, nedeniyle or a -DIk plus için construction. A stem containing Yazar or Yazara göre wants the writer's own position, which is often not stated directly and must be inferred from the connectives.
Turkish expository prose is conventionally organised, and a long passage will usually state its subject in the first paragraph, develop two or three positions in the middle, and either conclude or refuse to conclude at the end. Questions about facts live in the middle; questions about the writer's stance live in the first and last paragraphs and in the connectives between the middle ones. Marking a rough zone against each question before reading saves rereading.
The first read is not for comprehension of every clause; it is for structure. Mark where each position begins, mark every attribution frame — göre, iddia ediyor, savunuyor, belirtiyor — and mark every strong connective — ancak, oysa, buna karşılık, dolayısıyla, nitekim. Those marks are the skeleton of the passage's argument and they answer stance questions almost by themselves.
Do the multiple choice and the detail questions first, because they are quick and their marks are not at risk from time pressure. Leave the inference question until you have read the relevant zone twice. And write every answer in Turkish, in one clause where one clause will do, with the case endings checked. Two of the four answers being right and clean is worth more than four answers half-written in the last five minutes.
Result: A three-minute triage that produces: each stem classified by answer type, a predicted zone for each, a structural read that marks attributions and connectives, and an answering order based on certainty rather than on question number.
Typical mistakes
Active revision
Take a real Turkish feature article of about 700 words, write four questions on it in Turkish yourself — one multiple choice, one detail, one inference, one about the writer's stance — and then answer them to time, in Turkish, in 45 minutes.
Active recall
Recall the key points — then reveal.
Sources: Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Turkish (9TU0) specification (Pearson Edexcel)
Read as in Paper 1 Section B and answer in Turkish. Bir toplumun geleneklerini koruması ile onları değişmez saymanın aynı şey olmadığını görmek gerekir. Değişmeyen bir gelenek, çoğu zaman yaşayan bir gelenek değil, kayıt altına alınmış bir gelenektir. Bu ayrımı gözden kaçıranlar, her yeniliği bir kayıp olarak okuma eğilimindedir.
The main verb is gerekir, it is necessary, at the very end. What is necessary is görmek, to see, and what must be seen is the nominalisation aynı şey olmadığını, that they are not the same thing. What are not the same? Two nominalisations joined by ile: bir toplumun geleneklerini koruması, a society's preserving of its traditions, and onları değişmez saymanın, considering them unchanging. Both have their own subjects and objects. Render the sense: it is necessary to see that a society's preserving its traditions and treating them as unchanging are not the same thing.
Değişmeyen bir gelenek ... yaşayan bir gelenek değil, kayıt altına alınmış bir gelenektir. Değişmeyen and yaşayan are -(y)An participles, negative and positive: an unchanging tradition, a living tradition. Kayıt altına alınmış is a passive perfect participle, one that has been recorded. So the claim is that an unchanging tradition is usually not living but archived. Çoğu zaman, usually, hedges it, and a question about how strongly the writer commits to this claim is answered by that phrase.
Bu ayrımı gözden kaçıranlar, her yeniliği bir kayıp olarak okuma eğilimindedir. Gözden kaçıranlar is a participle nominalised as a subject, those who overlook. Okuma eğiliminde is a compound with the locative, in a tendency to read; -DIr makes it formal. Olarak marks the role: reading every innovation as a loss. So the third sentence characterises a group of readers and does so critically.
For Yazar, geleneklerin değişmesini nasıl değerlendiriyor? Doğrudan söylemediği hâlde metinden ne çıkarılabilir?, the answer is: Yazar değişimi kendiliğinden bir kayıp saymıyor. Değişmeyen bir geleneği kayıt altına alınmış, yani artık yaşamayan bir gelenek olarak tanımlaması, değişimin canlılığın işareti olabileceğini ima ediyor. The marks are for reading the second sentence's definition as the ground of the inference, and for the verb ima etmek, to imply, which is the right word for something the text does not state.
Result: Model answer in Turkish: Yazar değişimi kendiliğinden bir kayıp saymıyor. Değişmeyen bir geleneği kayıt altına alınmış, yani artık yaşamayan bir gelenek olarak tanımlaması, değişimin canlılığın işareti olabileceğini ima ediyor.
Typical mistakes
Active revision
Take twenty long Turkish noun phrases from real articles and, for each, write down the head noun first and then the modifiers in the order you would need them in English. Then take twenty long verb forms and peel them from the right, naming each suffix in the fixed order.
Active recall
Recall the key points — then reveal.
Sources: Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Turkish (9TU0) specification (Pearson Edexcel)
The passage says: Bakanlık, önümüzdeki yıl on ilde uygulanacak yeni bir programın hazırlıklarını sürdürüyor. Program, ilk aşamada yalnızca ortaokulları kapsayacak; liselere ne zaman genişletileceği ise henüz açıklanmadı. The stem is: Metne göre aşağıdakilerden hangisi doğrudur?
False, and the error is a tense. The text says önümüzdeki yıl, next year, and uygulanacak, which will be applied — a future participle. Nothing has begun. This is the commonest kind of distractor in a Turkish reading paper because Turkish marks the future inside the participle, where a fast reader may not look. Eliminate.
False, and the error is scope. The text says ilk aşamada yalnızca ortaokulları kapsayacak — in the first phase, only middle schools. Tüm okul türleri, all school types, contradicts yalnızca. Note that the text does not deny that it may eventually cover more; it says the timing has not been announced. So B is wrong as stated, which is what the stem asks. Eliminate.
True, and it is a restatement in different words: the text's genişletileceği ise henüz açıklanmadı, when it will be extended has not yet been announced, becomes belli değildir, is not clear. A correct option in this paper is very often a paraphrase rather than a quotation, which is why matching words is the wrong test. Select.
False and unsupported: the text says hazırlıklarını sürdürüyor, is continuing its preparations, which is the opposite. A wholly contradicted option is usually present in a four-option set as the easy elimination, and if it is not obviously present you should suspect that you have misread one of the others. Answer: C.
Result: Answer: C. The reasoning is that A fails on the future participle uygulanacak, B fails on yalnızca, D contradicts sürdürüyor, and C is a faithful paraphrase of açıklanmadı.
Typical mistakes
Active revision
Take one Turkish opinion article and write eight answers to your own questions on it, then go back and rewrite every answer so that it shares no content word with the sentence it came from. Check that the meaning has survived every substitution.
Active recall
Recall the key points — then reveal.
Sources: Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Turkish (9TU0) specification (Pearson Edexcel)
Read as in Paper 1 Section B and answer in Turkish. Kapıyı açtı, içeri girdi, ceketini iskemlenin arkasına astı. Sonra durdu. Masanın üstünde, sabah bıraktığı yerde duran mektup açılmıştı. Kim açmış olabilirdi? Evde kimse yoktu, olamazdı da.
The first sentence is a chain of -DI verbs — açtı, girdi, astı — the witnessed past, which is the ordinary tense of narrative foreground. Then açılmıştı: passive, -mIş, plus the narrative marker, so had been opened. The shift is not decorative. -mIş marks something discovered rather than witnessed, and the pluperfect places it before the character's arrival. In one word the text tells us that the character has come upon a state of affairs he did not see produced.
Kim açmış olabilirdi? has no reporting verb and no quotation marks, and it is not the narrator asking. It is the character's thought given in the narrator's grammar — free indirect discourse. The form açmış olabilirdi stacks the -mIş participle with olmak, the potential -(y)Abil-, the aorist and the narrative marker: who could have opened it. A question about whose question this is has the answer the character, and the evidence is the absence of a reporting verb.
Evde kimse yoktu, olamazdı da. Kimse with a negative gives nobody. Olamazdı is the negative potential of olmak in the past: there could not have been. The final da is the additive particle, and here it does the work of English and there could not have been either — a small word carrying the character's reasoning. Turkish narrative uses de and da constantly in this way and a reader who skips them loses the voice.
For Anlatıcı, olayları kimin bakış açısından aktarıyor? Metinden gerekçe gösteriniz, the answer is: Anlatıcı üçüncü tekil kişi kullansa da olayları karakterin bakış açısından aktarıyor. Kim açmış olabilirdi? sorusu bir aktarma fiili olmadan verilmiştir; ayrıca mektubun açılmış olması -mIş ekiyle, yani karakterin tanık olmadığı bir durum olarak sunulmaktadır. Two pieces of grammatical evidence for a point about narration is exactly what a top-band answer to this kind of question looks like.
Result: Model answer in Turkish: Anlatıcı üçüncü tekil kişi kullansa da olayları karakterin bakış açısından aktarıyor. Kim açmış olabilirdi? sorusu bir aktarma fiili olmadan verilmiştir; ayrıca mektubun açılmış olması -mIş ekiyle, karakterin tanık olmadığı bir durum olarak sunulmaktadır.
Typical mistakes
Active revision
Read one page each of a Turkish short story, a memoir written before 1960, and a contemporary news feature. For each, list five words that would not appear in the other two, and write one sentence in Turkish identifying the register from its grammar rather than from its subject.
Active recall
Recall the key points — then reveal.
Sources: Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Turkish (9TU0) specification (Pearson Edexcel)
The sub-theme is İş dünyası. The text is an opinion column on vocational schooling. Show the marking method and what it produces.
Suppose the column contains: Sanayiciler, mezunların temel becerilerden yoksun olduğunu söylüyor. Okul yöneticileri ise atölye donanımının yetersizliğini gösteriyor. Bana kalırsa iki taraf da aynı bütçe sorununu farklı yerlerden anlatıyor. Three positions, three holders: industrialists, school managers, and the columnist. Mark each; the third is the writer's own and is signalled by bana kalırsa.
İse after okul yöneticileri is a contrastive topic marker and turns the paragraph. Bana kalırsa turns it again, from reporting to arguing. Marking these two words gives you the paragraph's architecture in five seconds and tells you that the column's structure is report, report, synthesise — which is itself worth saying in 5(c).
Bana kalırsa is itself a hedge — as it seems to me — and it tells you the columnist is not claiming to have settled the question. If elsewhere the column writes çoğu zaman or bir ölçüde or görünüyor, mark those too. A 5(c) sentence such as Yazarın kendi görüşü, bana kalırsa ifadesiyle açıkça bir kanaat olarak sunulmaktadır; bu, iddianın gücünü sınırlamakta ama dürüstlüğünü artırmaktadır is evaluation of exactly the kind the grid wants and it came from noticing two words.
5(b): Yazıya göre sanayiciler mezunların temel becerilerden yoksun olduğunu ileri sürmekte; okul yöneticileri ise atölye donanımının yetersiz olduğunu belirtmektedir; yazarın kendisi ise her iki tarafın aynı bütçe sorununu farklı açılardan anlattığını savunmaktadır. Three positions, three frames, no evaluation. The hedges and the architecture stay in your notes for 5(c), where they are worth marks and where in 5(b) they are worth none.
Result: 5(b) in Turkish: Yazıya göre sanayiciler mezunların temel becerilerden yoksun olduğunu ileri sürmekte; okul yöneticileri ise atölye donanımının yetersizliğini belirtmektedir; yazar ise her iki tarafın aynı bütçe sorununu farklı açılardan anlattığını savunmaktadır.
Typical mistakes
Active revision
Take five pairs of Turkish sources on the same sub-theme, one spoken and one written. For each pair, write one sentence naming the relation between them from the five possibilities in this section, and then check whether your answer changes after you have read and listened twice.
Active recall
Recall the key points — then reveal.
Sources: Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Turkish (9TU0) specification (Pearson Edexcel)
References & sources