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Notes/Polish/Młodzi a polityka: engagement, priorities and ideals in Poland
Notes · PolishUK · A-Levels

Młodzi a polityka: engagement, priorities and ideals in Poland

This topic carries sub-theme 3.2.2.2 of the AQA specification, Polish politics and young people, which sits inside theme 3.2.2, Aspects of political life in Poland past and present, and it covers all three of its bullet aspects: young people and their engagement with politics, priorities for youth politics in Poland, and values and ideals. The material is examinable wherever content from the themes is set - in Paper 1's four stimulus texts and its translation into English, and in Paper 3's listening passages, its translation into Polish and its multi-skill task - and it feeds the AO4 marks wherever a critical and analytical response to Polish society is required. The notes begin with what engagement means in Polish and how it can be measured honestly, since turnout is only one measure and most of a school cohort is not yet in the electorate. They then set out the three routes engagement actually takes: elections and parties, grassroots action, and the institutions of school and local government. The third and fourth sections handle the priorities young Poles are documented as naming, and the values-and-ideals bullet, whose besetting danger is the platitude. The last section teaches this topic's exam technique: evidence rather than assertion, and the personal reaction that the Paper 3 multi-skill task requires - an argued position rather than a feeling. Two rules run through everything: no statistic is invented, and no political party is endorsed, ranked or characterised, because Polish party politics is a live argument and the examiner marks the argument, not the allegiance.

5 sections·~47 min reading time·4 competencies·Level Standard 2 · Advanced 3

T·0666 / 13
Exam profile
AO4 · Show knowledge and understanding of political life in Poland as it concerns young people, and respond to it critically and analyticallyAO2 · Understand written Polish sources on youth engagement, priorities and values, and respond to them in writing in PolishAO1 · Understand spoken Polish on political and social topics and summarise arguments and views in writingAO3 · Manipulate Polish accurately in written form, using the range of lexis and structure that argument requires
Operators:przeczytaćwysłuchaćstreścićporównaćuzasadnićocenićodnieść sięwyciągnąć wniosek

basic level

At first-year standard the expectation is a working vocabulary for participation - głosować, wybory, frekwencja, samorząd uczniowski, wolontariat, protest - and the ability to describe in accurate Polish what a young person actually does, using brać udział w czymś and angażować się w coś with the right case after each. Opinions may be simple, but every one of them must carry a reason: moim zdaniem ... ponieważ ... . Magnitudes are described in words, never with a number the student cannot source.

higher level

The full A-level expects an argued position rather than a described one. That means selecting one priority and defending it against the others rather than listing six; attributing contested interpretations to those who hold them instead of asserting them; conceding the strongest objection in the same sentence as the claim; and drawing a conclusion that decides something. It also expects the specification's own grammar to be deployed deliberately in the service of that argument - the conditional for what ought to be, the impersonal for a norm with no named holder, participles for compression, comparatives for ranking - because the AO3 range mark and the AO4 evidence mark are earned by the same sentences.

Depth

Reading depth: In depth

Text

Text size: Standard

Contents · 5 sections▾
  1. Młodzi a polityka: engagement, priorities and ideals in Poland
    • 01Młodzi a polityka: young people and their engagement with politics◐
    • 02Formy zaangażowania: from the ballot box to the school council◐
    • 03Priorytety polityki młodzieżowej: choosing one, and arguing it into first place●
    • 04Wartości i ideały: values, ideals and the danger of the platitude●
    • 05Exam technique: evidence rather than assertion, and the personal reaction that still argues●
§ 01

Młodzi a polityka: young people and their engagement with politics#

●●○StandardLPAQA 7687 3.2.2.2 Polish politics and young people - young people and their engagement with politicsLPAQA 7687 4.4.1 Paper 1 reading and responding - questions target main points, gist and detail, require inference and include abstract material such as opinions and views

Key points

This topic carries sub-theme 3.2.2.2, Polish politics and young people, inside theme 3.2.2, Aspects of political life in Poland past and present, and this first section serves the first of its three bullets: young people and their engagement with politics. Begin with the word itself, because Polish makes a distinction English blurs. Interesować się polityką takes the instrumental and means to follow politics, to have views, to argue about it at the kitchen table. Angażować się w politykę takes the accusative and means to act - to vote, to join, to organise, to stand. The two are routinely reported at very different levels among young Poles, and an answer that treats them as one thing has lost its argument before it starts. The noun family is worth learning whole: zaangażowanie, zaangażowany, udział, uczestnictwo, aktywność obywatelska, poczucie sprawczości, społeczeństwo obywatelskie.
Engagement is measured, and the measurements need handling honestly. The visible one is frekwencja wyborcza, turnout. In Poland czynne prawo wyborcze, the right to vote, begins at eighteen; bierne prawo wyborcze, the right to stand, at twenty-one for the Sejm and thirty for the Senat. Most of a school cohort is therefore watching an electorate it has not yet joined. Turnout in the parliamentary election of 2023 was the highest recorded since 1989, and turnout among the youngest voters was widely reported afterwards to have risen markedly. Notice how that sentence is built: it states a magnitude in words, and it attributes the second half. Reproduce a percentage you half-remember and you have written the one thing in an otherwise good answer that can be identified as false. The Polish for comparative magnitude is easy and always safe: najwyższa od 1989 roku, wyraźnie wzrosła, w porównaniu z poprzednimi wyborami, znacznie więcej niż wcześniej.
The second measurement is everything that is not an election, and for anyone under eighteen it is the only one available. Samorząd uczniowski exists in every Polish school, and the education law provides that it is formed by all the pupils of the school. Młodzieżowe rady miast i gmin, advisory youth councils attached to local government, have a statutory basis in the law on municipal self-government. Wolontariat is widespread, and the annual finale of the Wielka Orkiestra Świątecznej Pomocy puts very large numbers of young volunteers on the street in a single day. Harcerstwo, organised chiefly through the Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego, is a long-established movement with its own written law and promise. Młodzieżowy Strajk Klimatyczny organises marches. Erasmus+ and the Europejski Korpus Solidarności fund mobility and volunteering across the European Union. None of this shows up in a turnout figure, which is exactly why an answer built on turnout alone describes half the phenomenon.
Two features of Polish political communication belong here, because a stimulus source will almost certainly raise them. The first is where the conversation now happens: media społecznościowe are a principal channel, and TikTok and YouTube carry political communication to young Poles at a scale traditional broadcasting no longer reaches. The second is the vocabulary Polish has developed about the cost of that - dezinformacja, hejt, bańka informacyjna - the middle one borrowed from English and fully naturalised. Whether the net effect mobilises or corrodes is a live argument, so attribute it: zdaniem autora tekstu, krytycy twierdzą, że, zwolennicy wskazują na. The standing rule for the whole topic follows from the same instinct. Polish party politics is a live argument. Write about issues and forms of participation, name a party only where naming it is a plain matter of record, and take your position on the question rather than on a side.
Worked example

Reading a stimulus text on youth engagement, and deciding when lifting is safe

Paper 1, reading and responding. One of the four stimulus texts, adapted from an authentic Polish source, reads: Kiedy rozmawiam z uczniami ostatnich klas, słyszę dwie rzeczy naraz. Po pierwsze, że polityka ich nie interesuje. Po drugie, że ceny mieszkań, kryzys klimatyczny i stan psychiczny ich rówieśników to sprawy, o których myślą codziennie. Te dwa zdania nie są sprzeczne. Młodzi odrzucają nie politykę, lecz jej język - kłótnie, hasła, hejt w internecie. Kiedy jednak w 2023 roku poszli do urn, frekwencja okazała się najwyższa od 1989 roku, a wśród najmłodszych wyborców wyraźnie wzrosła. Wniosek jest prosty: to nie obojętność, tylko nieufność wobec formy. Three questions follow, none of them carrying AO3 marks. (a) Jakie dwie sprzeczne opinie słyszy autorka od uczniów? (2 marks) (b) Dlaczego, zdaniem autorki, te dwa zdania nie są sprzeczne? (3 marks) (c) Co pokazała frekwencja w wyborach w 2023 roku? (2 marks)

  1. 01Read the three questions before the text, and read the mark allocations

    The interrogatives tell you the shape of each answer and the marks tell you how many elements it needs. Jakie dwie opinie wants two named items and nothing more. Dlaczego wants a cause, and three marks signals three elements rather than one. Co pokazała wants a result plus, on two marks, what it shows. Marking the interrogative before reading the text turns the reading from browsing into searching. This costs perhaps ninety seconds across four stimulus texts and it prevents the commonest error in the section, which is a correct fact answering the wrong question.

  2. 02Question (a) - locate the two opinions, and decide whether to lift

    They sit in consecutive sentences, marked po pierwsze and po drugie. This question carries no AO3 marks, so the specification allows you to use words from the text without rephrasing, and tolerates minor spelling errors that do not distort the meaning. But the AO2 mark is withheld where the answer includes irrelevant material or lifts an element that does not match the phrasing of the question. Copying the whole paragraph therefore fails, because it brings in the author's own conclusion. Take the two opinions only: Uczniowie mówią, że polityka ich nie interesuje, a jednocześnie że codziennie myślą o cenach mieszkań, o klimacie i o zdrowiu psychicznym rówieśników.

  3. 03Question (b) - the inference the author never states in one sentence

    The text says the two statements are not contradictory, but it never writes dlatego nie są sprzeczne. You assemble the reason from what follows. Three marks, three elements: what is rejected is the language of politics rather than politics itself; the substance still concerns them daily; therefore the attitude is nieufność, not obojętność. Frame it with the attribution the question invites: Zdaniem autorki młodzi odrzucają nie samą politykę, lecz jej język: kłótnie, hasła i hejt. Interesują się sprawami publicznymi, ale nie ufają formie, w jakiej się o nich mówi. Note ufać takes the dative, so nie ufają formie is correct and nie ufają formę is not.

  4. 04Question (c) - a magnitude question answered without a number

    The text itself models the safe form and you should copy the form rather than reach beyond it: najwyższa od 1989 roku, and wśród najmłodszych wyborców wyraźnie wzrosła. Two marks means the result and its significance, so add the inference: Frekwencja okazała się najwyższa od 1989 roku, a wśród najmłodszych wyborców wyraźnie wzrosła. Świadczy to o tym, że młodzi nie są obojętni. Watch the genitive plural in wśród najmłodszych wyborców, and the word order in świadczy to o tym, że, where the pronoun sits between the verb and the preposition.

  5. 05Check the Polish even where no AO3 mark is at stake

    Accuracy still matters here, because a distorted case can distort the meaning and take the content mark with it. Run three checks. Case government: interesować się plus instrumental, myśleć o plus locative, świadczyć o plus locative, ufać plus dative. Aspect: every verb in these answers is imperfective, correctly, because all of them describe ongoing states rather than completed events. Relevance: each answer contains the elements the question asked for and nothing else, which is the condition on which the AO2 mark actually depends.

Result: (a) Uczniowie mówią, że polityka ich nie interesuje, a jednocześnie że codziennie myślą o cenach mieszkań, o klimacie i o zdrowiu psychicznym rówieśników. (b) Zdaniem autorki młodzi odrzucają nie samą politykę, lecz jej język: kłótnie, hasła i hejt. Interesują się sprawami publicznymi, ale nie ufają formie, w jakiej się o nich mówi. Dlatego jest to nieufność, a nie obojętność. (c) Frekwencja okazała się najwyższa od 1989 roku, a wśród najmłodszych wyborców wyraźnie wzrosła. Świadczy to o tym, że młodzi nie są obojętni.

Exam focus

  • Keep interesować się polityką and angażować się w politykę apart in your answer - the sources routinely report the first as high and the second as uneven, and the distinction is the argument (AO2).
  • Describe magnitudes comparatively - najwyższa od 1989 roku, wyraźnie wzrosła - and never with a percentage you cannot source (AO4).
  • Answer the interrogative that was set: jakie wants a list of named elements, dlaczego wants a cause, w jaki sposób wants a manner (AO2).
  • Attribute every contested claim about social media, mobilisation and mistrust rather than asserting it (AO4).

Typical mistakes

  • Asserting that young Poles are not interested in politics. It is a contested claim, the 2023 turnout pulls against it, and an unattributed assertion earns nothing.
  • Inventing a turnout percentage. Frekwencja była najwyższa od 1989 roku is worth more than a number you cannot point at.
  • Case error on the two key verbs: angażować się w polityce instead of w politykę, or interesować się politykę instead of polityką.
  • Treating engagement as identical to voting, which writes everyone under eighteen out of the sub-theme.
  • Writing about parties and sides. The bullet is about young people and politics, not about who should govern.

Active revision

Znajdź w polskim serwisie informacyjnym jeden tekst o udziale młodych w życiu publicznym. Wypisz z niego trzy stwierdzenia: jedno, które jest faktem, jedno, które jest opinią autora, i jedno, które jest opinią osoby cytowanej. Przy każdym zapisz po polsku, skąd wiadomo, do której grupy należy. Na koniec napisz jedno zdanie, w którym opiszesz wielkość zjawiska porównawczo, bez podawania procentów.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: AQA A-level Polish (Listening, Reading, Writing) 7687 specification (AQA)

§ 02

Formy zaangażowania: from the ballot box to the school council#

●●○StandardLPAQA 7687 3.2.2.2 Polish politics and young people - young people and their engagement with politicsLPAQA 7687 3.3.5 Verbs - impersonal forms, passive voice, and the imperfective and perfective aspects

Formy zaangażowania

Formy zaangażowaniaProbability tree, 6 paths, Data: wybory i partie → frekwencja młodych; wybory i partie → pierwsze głosowanie; działanie oddolne → protesty i marsze; działanie oddolne → wolontariat; szkoła i samorząd → samorząd uczniowski; szkoła i samorząd → młodzieżowa radawybory i partiedziałanie oddolneszkoła i samorządzaangażowanie młodychfrekwencja młodychpierwsze głosowanieprotesty i marszewolontariatsamorząd uczniowskimłodzieżowa rada
Fig. 1The three routes by which young Poles take part in political life: elections and parties, grassroots action, and the institutions of school and local government. The third branch is emphasised because it is the only route open below voting age, and therefore the one an exam answer can almost always evidence from the student's own knowledge.

Key points

This section stays with the first bullet of sub-theme 3.2.2.2 and asks what engagement actually consists of. There are three routes, and the figure below sets them out. The first is elections and parties. Its landmarks are czynne prawo wyborcze from eighteen, pierwsze głosowanie as an event people remember for years, frekwencja młodych as the measure, and młodzieżówki partyjne, the youth wings that most of the larger parties maintain. Write about this route in the language of process rather than of allegiance. Głosować na kogoś takes the accusative. Kandydować do czegoś takes the genitive, as does zapisać się do partii. Zdobyć mandat takes the accusative. The route is at once the most visible and the least available: it opens on an eighteenth birthday, and for most people it operates once every few years.
The second route is działanie oddolne, grassroots action, and it is where young Poles have been most visible. Młodzieżowy Strajk Klimatyczny has organised marches in Polish cities on the pattern of the international school climate strikes. The mass protests of 2020 and 2021 known as Strajk Kobiet drew very large numbers of young people onto the streets and are frequently cited as the clearest recent example of a generation mobilising outside party structures - a factual description of what happened, offered without endorsement, because the issue at their centre is among the most divisive in Polish public life. Alongside protest sits the quieter half of the same branch: wolontariat, the Wielka Orkiestra Świątecznej Pomocy, harcerstwo, and the European routes Erasmus+ and the Europejski Korpus Solidarności. Both halves count as engagement, and an answer that recognises only the loud one has misread the sub-theme.
The third route is institutional, and it is the one the figure emphasises, because it is the only one open below voting age. The education law provides that the samorząd uczniowski is formed by all the pupils of a school: nobody applies to join, everybody is already in it, and its officers are chosen by election within the school. Alongside local government sit młodzieżowe rady miast i gmin, advisory councils with a basis in the law on municipal self-government, which give opinions on decisions affecting young residents. These bodies are unglamorous, and that is precisely their exam value. They are named, they are checkable, they exist wherever the student is, and a claim anchored to one of them is the located evidence both AO4 grids reward - as against a claim anchored to a feeling about a generation.
The grammar of describing participation deserves drilling separately, because the verbs govern differently and the errors are inaudible to a learner. Brać udział w czymś takes the locative: brać udział w wyborach. Angażować się w coś takes the accusative: angażować się w politykę, never w polityce. Należeć do czegoś and zapisać się do czegoś take the genitive. Działać w czymś takes the locative. Kierować się czymś takes the instrumental. Then there are the forms the specification lists under impersonal and passive constructions, which fit this material exactly, because in an account of what a community did the actor is frequently beside the point: zorganizowano marsz, powołano radę, zgłoszono wniosek, and the full passive list został napisany przez uczniów. Deploying one deliberately is visible money in the AO3 range mark.
Worked example

From a bare fact to an argued paragraph: the samorząd uczniowski

You know one thing, and it is true: W każdej polskiej szkole działa samorząd uczniowski, a z mocy prawa tworzą go wszyscy uczniowie. Turn that bare fact into a paragraph of argued Polish of about eighty words that could sit inside a Paper 1 research-project answer or a Paper 3 multi-skill task.

  1. 01Ask what the fact licenses, and what it does not

    A fact on its own is not an argument, and the commonest failure is to write the fact down and move on. This one licenses a claim about reach: the samorząd uczniowski is the most universal form of youth participation in Poland, because membership is automatic rather than chosen. It does not license a claim about influence, because nothing in the fact says anyone listens to it. Separating those two before you write is the whole difference between a paragraph that argues and a paragraph that reports, and it takes about twenty seconds.

  2. 02Choose the claim the fact can actually carry

    Write the teza as a sentence someone could reasonably dispute. Samorząd uczniowski jest w Polsce najbardziej powszechną formą zaangażowania młodych. That is arguable: a reader might answer that wolontariat reaches more people, or that automatic membership is not participation at all. Because it is disputable, it is worth defending, which is exactly what the AO4 grid means by a critical and analytical response. Note the superlative najbardziej powszechną in the instrumental, because the predicate of być takes the instrumental in Polish.

  3. 03Write the reason and point at the evidence

    The uzasadnienie answers why, and the dowód says where it can be checked. Here they are almost the same thing, which is convenient: ponieważ z mocy prawa tworzą go wszyscy uczniowie szkoły. Then point at it explicitly with the frame that carries evidence: Dowodem na to jest sam sposób jego powstawania: nikt nie musi się zapisywać, wystarczy chodzić do szkoły. Dowodem na to jest is an inverted instrumental predicate and it is one of the most useful six-word units in this whole subject, because it forces you to name the evidence rather than gesture at it.

  4. 04Concede the strongest objection, not the weakest

    A concession that answers a feeble objection is worse than none, because it advertises that you thought of the feeble one. The strongest objection here is that universality is not influence. Concede it in the words of the objector: Warto jednak zwrócić uwagę, że powszechność nie oznacza jeszcze realnego wpływu - w wielu szkołach samorząd zajmuje się głównie dyskoteką i apelem. Zajmować się takes the instrumental, hence dyskoteką i apelem. The word jeszcze does real work: it concedes the point while signalling that the argument has somewhere to go.

  5. 05Close so that the concession has been survived, then check the Polish

    The last sentence must show that the objection was absorbed rather than merely admitted, and this is where the personal reaction belongs: Osobiście uważam, że jest to mimo wszystko dobra pierwsza szkoła obywatelska, ale trzeba przyznać, że staje się nią dopiero wtedy, gdy dyrekcja traktuje uczniów jak partnerów. Then check. Staje się nią is instrumental after stawać się. Traktować kogoś jak kogoś takes the accusative twice. Every verb is imperfective, correctly, because all of them describe states and habits rather than single completed events.

Result: Samorząd uczniowski jest w Polsce najbardziej powszechną formą zaangażowania młodych, ponieważ z mocy prawa tworzą go wszyscy uczniowie szkoły. Dowodem na to jest sam sposób jego powstawania: nikt nie musi się zapisywać, wystarczy chodzić do szkoły. Warto jednak zwrócić uwagę, że powszechność nie oznacza jeszcze realnego wpływu - w wielu szkołach samorząd zajmuje się głównie dyskoteką i apelem. Osobiście uważam, że jest to mimo wszystko dobra pierwsza szkoła obywatelska, ale trzeba przyznać, że staje się nią dopiero wtedy, gdy dyrekcja traktuje uczniów jak partnerów.

Exam focus

  • Get the verb government right: brać udział w czymś takes the locative, angażować się w coś takes the accusative, należeć do czegoś takes the genitive (AO3).
  • Anchor every claim to an institution you can name - samorząd uczniowski, młodzieżowa rada gminy - rather than to a generalisation about young people (AO4).
  • Use one impersonal form (zorganizowano, powołano, zgłoszono) where the actor does not matter; the specification lists them and the range mark rewards them (AO3).
  • Describe the protest movements factually and without endorsement; the sub-theme asks about forms of participation, not about who was right (AO4).

Typical mistakes

  • Angażować się w polityce. The verb takes the accusative: angażować się w politykę.
  • Confusing the two councils. A samorząd uczniowski belongs to a school; a młodzieżowa rada is attached to a gmina or a miasto. They are different bodies with different powers.
  • Taking a side on Strajk Kobiet rather than describing who took part and in what form.
  • Listing six forms of participation and analysing none. Two forms explained will always beat six named.
  • Using the perfective where a habit is meant: młodzi wzięli udział w wyborach describes one occasion, młodzi biorą udział w wyborach describes a pattern.

Active revision

Wybierz trzy formy zaangażowania młodych w Polsce, po jednej z każdej gałęzi schematu, i napisz o każdej jedno pełne zdanie po polsku, używając za każdym razem innego czasownika: brać udział w czymś, angażować się w coś, należeć do czegoś. Po każdym zdaniu zapisz, jakiego przypadka wymaga użyty czasownik. Następnie przepisz jedno z tych zdań w formie bezosobowej, na przykład zorganizowano albo powołano.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

§ 03

Priorytety polityki młodzieżowej: choosing one, and arguing it into first place#

●●●AdvancedLPAQA 7687 3.2.2.2 Polish politics and young people - priorities for youth politics in PolandLPAQA 7687 4.6.2 Paper 3 summary question - content (AO1) and language (AO3, out of 5) awarded independently, with the first natural break between 90 and 100 words

Key points

This section serves the second bullet of sub-theme 3.2.2.2, priorities for youth politics in Poland. Six areas recur in Polish public debate whenever young people are asked what matters, and they are worth holding as vocabulary before they are worth holding as argument: mieszkalnictwo, housing and its cost; zdrowie psychiczne, mental health; klimat i energetyka, the climate and the energy system; edukacja, including the recurring quarrel over the shape of the podstawa programowa; praca i zarobki; and prawa człowieka. Notice the framing, which is doing honest work: these are the areas young Poles are repeatedly reported as naming, not the areas all young Poles care about. Polityka młodzieżowa is itself a term of art in Polish and European usage. It means public policy directed at young people, not politics conducted by them, and a sentence that confuses the two reads as a translation error.
Housing and work are the pair that appear together most often, and their Polish repays care: ceny mieszkań, wynajem, kredyt hipoteczny, zdolność kredytowa, mieszkać z rodzicami, wyprowadzić się z domu, pierwsza pensja, umowa o pracę, umowa zlecenie. Two accuracy points follow. Polish prices are given in złote - Poland is in the European Union but not in the eurozone - so a sum of money in an answer is written in zł and never with a foreign currency sign. And the relation that matters is between ceny mieszkań and zarobki, not either alone: the claim young Poles are reported as making is about the ratio between the two, so an answer that names only rising prices has named half a claim. Wynajem pochłania większość pierwszej pensji is the sentence that carries the point in nine words.
The exam skill in this bullet is not coverage but selection. A question about priorities invites a list, and a list scores badly, because both AO4 grids reward selecting relevant information to support an argument and using appropriate evidence to justify a conclusion, and a list does neither. The move is to choose one priority and argue it into first place against the others. The shape is five steps: teza, the claim; uzasadnienie, the reason; dowód, a located example; zastrzeżenie, the honest concession; wniosek, the decision. The Polish that ranks sits on the specification's own grammar list, in the comparison of adjectives and adverbs: najpilniejszy problem, sprawa najwyższej wagi, ważniejszy niż, pilniejsze niż cokolwiek innego, na pierwszym miejscu, w drugiej kolejności, przede wszystkim, pod warunkiem, że.
Then the honesty rule, which bites hardest in this section. Priorities are the subject on which a candidate is most tempted to invent a number, because a percentage looks like evidence. It is not, unless you can say where it came from. Z badań wynika, że is a legitimate and useful frame, but only when a piece of research is genuinely in front of you - in Paper 3's multi-skill task the written source may well supply one, and then you attribute it: według tekstu, jak podaje autor, w nagraniu podano, że. With nothing in front of you the honest frames are just as strong and cost nothing: wielu młodych wskazuje na, w debacie publicznej powtarza się, że, często mówi się, że, z mojego doświadczenia wynika, że. An attributed claim outranks a fabricated figure in every grid in this qualification.
Worked example

A Paper 3 summary on youth priorities, built to the 90-to-100-word rule

Paper 3, listening and responding, the summary question. The passage has two speakers. A nineteen-year-old student from Wrocław says that the first thing she and her friends discuss is where they will live: renting swallows most of a first salary, and she expects to be living with her parents for some years yet. A youth worker replies that in his experience the priority the young people he meets name first is mental health, with housing second, and adds that the two are connected, because uncertainty about the future is itself a source of stress. Neither claims to speak for everyone. Napisz po polsku streszczenie tego, co usłyszałeś.

  1. 01Fix the content points before writing any Polish

    The AO1 content mark and the AO3 language mark out of five are awarded independently, so treat them as two jobs done in one draft. List the content first, in note form: two speakers, two different orderings of the same priorities; the student puts housing first, with rent against a first salary and staying at home as the consequence; the youth worker puts mental health first and housing second; he links the two through uncertainty about the future; neither generalises beyond their own experience. That is five points, and five points at about twenty words each is exactly the length the rule allows.

  2. 02Understand the 90-to-100-word rule before you write, not afterwards

    A long summary is marked for content or for language only until the first natural break - usually the end of a sentence or main clause - between ninety and one hundred words. Everything after that break is invisible to both mark schemes. The practical consequence is that the summary must be front-loaded: the least important point goes last, because last is where the risk sits. A short summary carries no automatic penalty but is self-penalising, since it cannot physically contain all the content points. Aim for the high nineties and finish a sentence there.

  3. 03Write in your own Polish, because the language mark depends on it

    The content mark is awarded whether the point is in your own words or lifted, but lifted language is never eligible for the AO3 mark, and an answer stitched from the speakers' phrasing therefore caps itself. Reformulate as you go: rent swallows most of a first salary becomes wynajem pochłania większość pierwszej pensji; the priority they name first becomes na pierwszym miejscu wymieniają; uncertainty about the future becomes niepewność co do przyszłości. Each reformulation is one decision made once, and together they are what the language grid is looking at.

  4. 04Keep the attribution, because here it is content and not decoration

    Both speakers explicitly limit their claims to their own experience, and a summary that reports młodzi Polacy uważają, że has made a comprehension error rather than a stylistic one. Attribute inside the sentence: studentka z Wrocławia mówi, że; jego zdaniem; żadne z nich nie twierdzi, że mówi w imieniu wszystkich. The collective numeral is worth using here for its own sake, since the specification lists collectives: oboje mówią o własnym doświadczeniu, a nie o wynikach badań. Oboje is the form for a mixed-gender pair.

  5. 05Run the language check, then count

    Case government first: rozmawiać o plus locative in rozmawiają o mieszkaniu; spodziewać się plus a clause; bywać plus instrumental in bywa źródłem stresu; co do plus genitive in co do przyszłości. Agreement next: obie sprawy is feminine plural, so obie and not obaj. Aspect: będzie mieszkać is the imperfective compound future, correct for a continuing state. Then count the words with a pencil tick every ten. The draft below lands at ninety-eight words and finishes on a full stop, which is what the natural-break rule wants.

Result: W nagraniu rozmawiają dwie osoby, które inaczej widzą priorytety młodych Polaków. Studentka z Wrocławia mówi, że jej rówieśnicy najczęściej rozmawiają o mieszkaniu: wynajem pochłania większość pierwszej pensji, dlatego spodziewa się, że jeszcze przez kilka lat będzie mieszkać z rodzicami. Pracownik młodzieżowy przedstawia inną kolejność - jego zdaniem na pierwszym miejscu młodzi wymieniają zdrowie psychiczne, a mieszkanie dopiero na drugim. Dodaje jednak, że obie sprawy są ze sobą powiązane, ponieważ niepewność co do przyszłości sama w sobie bywa źródłem stresu. Żadne z nich nie twierdzi, że mówi w imieniu wszystkich; oboje mówią o własnym doświadczeniu, a nie o wynikach badań.

Exam focus

  • Argue one priority into first place with a reason, a located example and a concession; a list of six names everything and demonstrates nothing (AO4).
  • Attribute any number to the source that supplied it - według tekstu, w nagraniu podano, że - and never supply one yourself (AO4).
  • Earn the AO3 range mark on this bullet with comparison: pilniejszy niż, najważniejsza sprawa, w porównaniu z, w drugiej kolejności (AO3).
  • In the Paper 3 summary, remember that content and language are marked independently, so a lifted sentence can still take the content point while forfeiting the language one (AO1 and AO3).

Typical mistakes

  • Listing every priority the sub-theme suggests. The AO4 grids reward selection in the service of an argument, not coverage.
  • Writing a percentage. If you cannot point at where it came from, leave it out and describe the magnitude in words.
  • Writing a foreign currency sign for money. Polish prices are in zł, in złote.
  • Using z badań wynika, że with no research in front of you. It converts an honest generalisation into a false citation.
  • Treating młodzi Polacy as a single bloc with a single view, when the sources you are given usually show them disagreeing.

Active revision

Wybierz jeden priorytet polityki młodzieżowej - mieszkalnictwo, zdrowie psychiczne, klimat, edukację, pracę albo prawa człowieka - i napisz po polsku akapit o długości mniej więcej stu słów, w którym postawisz tezę, podasz jedno uzasadnienie, wskażesz jeden konkretny przykład i sformułujesz jedno zastrzeżenie. Nie wolno użyć żadnej liczby, której nie umiesz wskazać w źródle. Na koniec podkreśl w swoim akapicie każdy stopień wyższy i najwyższy.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

§ 04

Wartości i ideały: values, ideals and the danger of the platitude#

●●●AdvancedLPAQA 7687 3.2.2.2 Polish politics and young people - values and idealsLPAQA 7687 4.6.3 Paper 3 translation into Polish - a passage of at least 100 words, with a supporting text in Polish supplying some of the vocabulary and structures needed

Key points

This section serves the third bullet, values and ideals, and it opens with a warning, because this bullet produces the worst writing in the sub-theme. Moim zdaniem wolność jest bardzo ważna is a true sentence that nobody would dispute, and it therefore carries no argument, no analysis and no marks. Start by separating two words that Polish keeps apart. A wartość is a value: something held, expressed as an abstract noun - wolność, sprawiedliwość, równość, solidarność, uczciwość, godność, tolerancja, odpowiedzialność, zaufanie, wspólnota, patriotyzm. An ideał is an ideal: a state of affairs aimed at, expressed as a clause - społeczeństwo, w którym nikt nie jest pomijany. Values are held; ideals are pursued; a good answer normally needs both, because a value without an ideal has nothing to change and an ideal without a value has no reason behind it.
The test that turns a platitude into an argument is one question: could a reasonable person hold the opposite? If not, the sentence is decoration. Values become arguable the moment they are attached to a cost, or to another value they collide with. Wolność wypowiedzi w internecie is unarguable alone and becomes an argument the moment it meets walka z dezinformacją i hejtem. Troska o klimat becomes an argument when it meets koszty energii. Otwartość becomes an argument when it meets poczucie bezpieczeństwa. In each case the required skill is the one the AO4 grid names: set out both sides, attribute the positions to the people who hold them, and then decide. Zwolennicy tego rozwiązania twierdzą, że ... natomiast krytycy wskazują, że ... Osobiście uważam, że ... is the whole architecture in three clauses.
Where are young Poles' values actually visible? In documented practice rather than in reported opinion, which is also where the safest evidence lies. Wolontariat is the clearest case, and the annual finale of the Wielka Orkiestra Świątecznej Pomocy is an act of solidarność that has become a social ritual with its own vocabulary and its own critics. Harcerstwo, chiefly the Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego, states its values explicitly in a written law and promise, which is unusual and useful - though describe them rather than quote them, because a misremembered quotation is worse than none. Młodzieżowy Strajk Klimatyczny expresses odpowiedzialność za przyszłość. Erasmus+ and the Europejski Korpus Solidarności put otwartość and solidarność into practice across borders. One caution runs through all of it: Polish disagreement about values is real, deep and current, and it does not divide neatly by age.
The grammar that carries a value claim is largely the government of abstract nouns, and it is where accurate-sounding sentences quietly go wrong. Wiara w coś takes the accusative - wiara w zmianę, never w zmianie. Troska o coś takes the accusative. Szacunek dla kogoś, poczucie czegoś, dążenie do czegoś, przywiązanie do czegoś and sprzeciw wobec czegoś all take the genitive. Two further structures from the specification's own list do most of the remaining work. The conditional writes about what ought to be without asserting that it is: chciałbym, żeby politycy pytali młodych o zdanie; gdyby młodzi nie głosowali, ich sprawy zniknęłyby z debaty. And the impersonal states a norm without inventing who holds it: uważa się, że; od młodych oczekuje się, że; mówiono o tym wielokrotnie.
Worked example

Translating into Polish with the supporting text: institutions, the impersonal and the conditional

Paper 3, translation into Polish, 10 marks. The passage runs to at least 100 words; here is its second half. Young Poles are often accused of indifference. In fact, many of them are involved in ways that are easy to overlook. A student council operates in every school, youth councils have been set up alongside many towns and municipalities, and volunteering during the annual charity finale draws thousands of young people onto the streets. It would be wrong to conclude from this that everyone is engaged. But it would be equally wrong to claim that a generation which does not trust the language of politics does not care about the country it lives in. The supporting Polish text supplied with the paper includes: W każdej szkole działa samorząd uczniowski. Przy wielu gminach powołano młodzieżowe rady. Co roku tysiące wolontariuszy wychodzi na ulice. Nie znaczy to jednak, że wszyscy się angażują.

  1. 01Read the supporting Polish text first and mine it

    This is what makes Paper 3's translation different from Paper 1's, and candidates routinely waste it by starting with the English. The supporting text hands you działa samorząd uczniowski, powołano młodzieżowe rady, tysiące wolontariuszy wychodzi na ulice and the negation frame nie znaczy to jednak, że. Four of the passage's hardest decisions are therefore already made, and made in idiomatic Polish. Read it twice, underline what maps onto the English, and only then begin. The text is a resource, not a distraction, and using it is neither cheating nor optional.

  2. 02Are often accused of - reach for the impersonal, not the English passive

    English builds this with a passive and a preposition. Polish builds it far more naturally with an impersonal reflexive plus a dative and an accusative: zarzucać komuś coś. So Młodym Polakom często zarzuca się obojętność. Młodym Polakom is dative plural, obojętność is the accusative of a feminine noun in -ość, which is identical to its nominative. The word order puts the dative first because that is the topic of the sentence. A literal passive - są często oskarżani o obojętność - is grammatical but heavier, and the impersonal is on the specification's grammar list, which makes it the better bet for the range mark.

  3. 03A student council operates in every school - case, verb choice and word order

    The supporting text supplies działa, which is the right verb: działać is what an institution does, whereas jest would merely say it exists. W każdej szkole is locative, and każdej is the locative of każda. Polish puts the location first and the subject last here, W każdej szkole działa samorząd uczniowski, because the new information belongs at the end of the clause - which is precisely the flexibility of word order according to semantic emphasis that section 3.3.11 of the specification names. Reversing it to Samorząd uczniowski działa w każdej szkole is correct but shifts the emphasis onto the school.

  4. 04Youth councils have been set up - the impersonal again, and the government of wiele

    The English passive with no agent is exactly the environment for the -no form: powołano młodzieżowe rady, where rady is the accusative object even though English makes it a subject. Then przy wielu miastach i gminach: przy takes the locative, and the locative of wiele is wielu, a form that catches people out because it is identical to the genitive and the dative. Note also that the impersonal -no form is tenseless in the sense that matters here - it reports a completed action without naming who performed it, which is exactly what the English means.

  5. 05Draws thousands onto the streets - tysiące and its genitive

    Tysiące governs the genitive of what is counted: tysiące młodych ludzi. Here it is the object, so write wyprowadza na ulice tysiące młodych ludzi, with na ulice in the accusative because motion is involved. Learn the subject case too, because the supporting text models it: tysiące wolontariuszy wychodzi na ulice takes a third-person singular verb, and in the past tense it would take the neuter singular, wyszło. Podczas corocznego finału charytatywnego is genitive after podczas. Keep the rendering generic here rather than naming the organisation, since the English does not name it.

  6. 06It would be wrong to conclude - the conditional, then the final check

    Błędem byłoby wyciągnąć z tego wniosek, że angażują się wszyscy. Błędem is the instrumental predicate of być, byłoby is the neuter conditional, and the perfective wyciągnąć is right because a single act of concluding is meant. The second half repeats the structure with równie błędne byłoby twierdzenie, że. Then check the three verbs of the last clause: ufać takes the dative, so nie ufa językowi polityki; interesować się takes the instrumental, so nie interesuje się losem; and swojego kraju uses swój rather than jego, because the possessor is the subject of its own clause - a distinction the specification lists explicitly under possessive pronouns.

Result: Młodym Polakom często zarzuca się obojętność. W rzeczywistości wielu z nich angażuje się w sposób, który łatwo przeoczyć. W każdej szkole działa samorząd uczniowski, przy wielu miastach i gminach powołano młodzieżowe rady, a wolontariat podczas corocznego finału charytatywnego wyprowadza na ulice tysiące młodych ludzi. Błędem byłoby wyciągnąć z tego wniosek, że angażują się wszyscy. Ale równie błędne byłoby twierdzenie, że pokolenie, które nie ufa językowi polityki, nie interesuje się losem swojego kraju.

Exam focus

  • Test every value sentence with one question - could a reasonable person hold the opposite? If not, it is a platitude and carries no mark (AO4).
  • Attach each value to a cost or to a competing value and name both sides; that collision is what critical and analytical means in the AO4 grid (AO4).
  • Get the abstract-noun government right: troska o plus accusative, wiara w plus accusative, dążenie do plus genitive, sprzeciw wobec plus genitive (AO3).
  • Use the conditional for what ought to be and the impersonal for a norm; both are on the specification's grammar list and both suit this bullet exactly (AO3).

Typical mistakes

  • Moim zdaniem wolność jest ważna. Nobody disagrees, so nothing is being argued and nothing can be credited.
  • Presenting Polish values as split cleanly by generation. The divisions are real but do not run by age, and asserting that they do is a claim you cannot support.
  • Case error on the abstract nouns: wiara w przyszłości instead of wiara w przyszłość, troska o środowiska instead of troska o środowisko.
  • Quoting a scout promise, a slogan or a politician from memory. A misremembered quotation in an exam is worse than no quotation at all.
  • Taking a side in a live Polish argument instead of describing the argument and attributing its positions.

Active revision

Napisz pięć zdań po polsku o wartościach młodych Polaków. Każde zdanie musi spełniać jeden warunek: ktoś rozsądny mógłby się z nim nie zgodzić. Potem sprawdź każde zdanie - jeśli nikt nie mógłby mieć innego zdania, przepisz je, dodając koszt albo wartość konkurencyjną, na przykład wolność wypowiedzi kontra walka z hejtem. Zwróć uwagę na przypadki po rzeczownikach abstrakcyjnych: troska o coś, wiara w coś, szacunek dla kogoś, dążenie do czegoś.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

§ 05

Exam technique: evidence rather than assertion, and the personal reaction that still argues#

●●●AdvancedLPAQA 7687 4.6.4 Paper 3 multi-skill task - approximately 200 words on a heard source and a written source, requiring analysis, personal reaction and drawing a conclusion; AO1 out of 10, AO2 out of 10, AO3 out of 10LPAQA 7687 4.7.2 Paper 2 AO4 - opinions, views and conclusions consistently supported by relevant and appropriate evidence

Key points

The exam technique this topic rotates onto is evidence rather than assertion, and it has a precise home in the specification. Paper 3's multi-skill task is worth thirty marks for about two hundred words, marked by three independent ten-mark grids - AO1 on the heard source, AO2 on the written source, AO3 on the language - and the specification states that the response requires analysis, personal reaction and the drawing of a conclusion, all of which it calls higher-level skills. Paper 2's AO4 grid awards its top band where opinions, views and conclusions are consistently supported by relevant and appropriate evidence. Paper 1's research-project AO4 grid awards its top band where students consistently use appropriate evidence to justify their conclusions. In all three places, personal reaction is a technical term. It does not mean how you feel. It means a position you have argued.
So the failure is worth dissecting. Moim zdaniem to jest złe fails on three separate counts at once. It cannot be usefully disagreed with, so there is nothing in it to analyse. It points at no source, so neither the AO1 nor the AO2 grid has anything to credit. And it is grammatically trivial - one main clause, five words, no subordination - so it forfeits the AO3 range mark as well. An argued reaction has four parts. A claim, teza: what you think. A reason, uzasadnienie: why you think it. A located piece of evidence, dowód: where in the sources, or in your own researched knowledge, it can be found. And a concession, zastrzeżenie: what the strongest objection is, and why it does not overturn you. In Polish that is one long sentence, or two short ones.
Here is the Polish that carries each part, with the grammar that makes it work. Świadczy o tym, że runs from evidence to claim, and świadczyć o takes the locative. Wynika z tego, że runs from claim to consequence, and wynikać z takes the genitive. Dowodem na to jest is an inverted instrumental predicate that points straight at the evidence. Warto zwrócić uwagę, że introduces the thing a source has underplayed. Trudno się z tym zgodzić, ponieważ is disagreement with its reason attached, and zgodzić się z takes the instrumental. And osobiście uważam, że ... ale trzeba przyznać, że ... is the reaction with its concession built into the sentence. Add the sourcing frames: według autora tekstu, rozmówczyni w nagraniu podkreśla, że, oba źródła zgadzają się co do tego, że, źródła różnią się w ocenie, na podstawie obu źródeł można stwierdzić, że.
Two closing disciplines. First, a conclusion is a decision, not a summary. Podsumowując, oba źródła mówią o mieszkaniach restates; Podsumowując, młodzi angażują się wtedy, gdy widzą skutek swojego działania decides. The connectives are podsumowując, w związku z tym, dlatego uważam, że and z powyższego wynika, że. Second, the two constraints this sub-theme places on evidence. Never supply a statistic you cannot point at - no turnout percentage, no poll figure - because the fabricated number is the one element of an otherwise strong answer that a reader can identify as false. And never let the answer become a party-political statement: attribute the competing positions, take your own position on the issue, and let the argument rather than the allegiance do the work. Everything you write is marked and there is no word limit, but the clock is real, so the conclusion gets written before the time runs out rather than after.
Worked example

The multi-skill task planned and drafted from two sources

Paper 3, multi-skill task, 30 marks, approximately 200 words. The heard source: a twenty-year-old from a small town says that he votes but does nothing else, because he does not believe local politics listens to young people; a member of a youth council in a different town describes a project on which the council's opinion was actually taken into account, and admits that this changed his own attitude. The written source: a short Polish article arguing that engagement among young Poles is real but unevenly distributed - stronger in large cities and around single issues, weaker between elections and in smaller places. The question: Czy młodzi Polacy są zaangażowani w politykę? Odnieś się do obu źródeł, przedstaw własną reakcję i sformułuj wniosek.

  1. 01Read the question and split it into the three grids

    Thirty marks arrive as three tens, and the question names all three jobs. Odnieś się do obu źródeł is AO1 and AO2; przedstaw własną reakcję and sformułuj wniosek are what the specification calls analysis, personal reaction and drawing a conclusion; and the Polish itself is AO3. Plan a shape that gives each grid its own territory: roughly ninety words handling both sources, about fifty on the analysis, about thirty on the reaction with its concession, and about twenty on the conclusion. Writing to that shape is how you stop a good answer from spending all two hundred words on retelling what it heard.

  2. 02Mine the heard source for its argument, not just its content

    The AO1 descriptors do not reward transcription; they reward summarising arguments and views and drawing appropriate conclusions. So the useful note is not he votes and he is in a council but two people with the same attitude in different circumstances. One has no institution he can act through, one has, and the one who has changed his mind after a real decision went his way. Record the causal link, because it is the thing the second half of your answer will use. Note attribution as you go: rozmówca w nagraniu mówi, drugi rozmówca przyznaje.

  3. 03Mine the written source, and find where the two diverge

    The article's claim is that engagement is real but unevenly distributed. That agrees with the recording on existence and goes beyond it on distribution, and the gap between them is where the analysis lives. Write the agreement and the divergence as a single sentence in your plan: oba źródła zgadzają się co do tego, że zaangażowanie istnieje, ale różnią się w ocenie jego zasięgu. Zgadzać się co do takes the genitive; różnić się w takes the locative. Naming both the agreement and the difference is what the AO2 grid means by evaluating the source rather than reporting it.

  4. 04Build the personal reaction as an argument, not a feeling

    The reaction is where most answers collapse into moim zdaniem to jest smutne. Instead, make a claim the sources can support and concede the objection in the same breath: Osobiście uważam, że problemem nie jest obojętność, tylko dostępność, ale trzeba przyznać, że sama instytucja nie wystarczy - młodzieżowa rada, której nikt nie słucha, pogłębia nieufność zamiast ją leczyć. Note problemem nie jest X, tylko Y, an inverted instrumental predicate, and której nikt nie słucha, where słuchać takes the genitive. The concession is doing real work: it anticipates the reader's objection instead of leaving it standing.

  5. 05Write the conclusion as a decision

    The conclusion must answer the question asked, which was czy młodzi Polacy są zaangażowani. A summary of the two sources does not answer it. A decision does: Podsumowując, na podstawie obu źródeł można stwierdzić, że młodzi Polacy angażują się wtedy, gdy widzą skutek swojego działania. Podsumowując is the adverbial present participle from the specification's list, na podstawie takes the genitive, and swojego działania uses swój because the possessor is the subject of the clause. The conclusion is short, it decides, and it is visibly built out of both sources rather than out of a preference.

  6. 06Check the language, then count

    Subordination first, because it is where the AO3 range mark is: ponieważ, że, w którym, gdy, zamiast plus infinitive, and the conditional w której mógłby działać all appear in the draft below. Then case government: poza wyborami instrumental, wokół pojedynczych spraw genitive, między wyborami instrumental, po realnym udziale locative. Then the passive opinia rady została uwzględniona, feminine to agree with opinia. Then count: the draft is about one hundred and ninety words, inside the advised range. Nothing is penalised for length, but the plan is what guarantees the conclusion gets written.

Result: Oba źródła zgadzają się co do tego, że zaangażowanie młodych Polaków istnieje, ale różnią się w ocenie jego zasięgu. Rozmówca w nagraniu mówi, że głosuje, lecz poza wyborami nie robi nic, ponieważ nie wierzy, że lokalna polityka słucha młodych. Drugi rozmówca, członek młodzieżowej rady, opowiada o projekcie, w którym opinia rady została uwzględniona, i przyznaje, że właśnie to zmieniło jego nastawienie. Tekst pisany idzie dalej: twierdzi, że zaangażowanie jest realne, ale nierówno rozłożone - silniejsze w dużych miastach i wokół pojedynczych spraw, słabsze między wyborami i w mniejszych miejscowościach. Warto zwrócić uwagę, że nagranie dostarcza dowodu na tezę tekstu. Doświadczenie obu rozmówców różni się nie postawą, lecz miejscem: jeden nie ma instytucji, w której mógłby działać, drugi ją ma. Świadczy o tym fakt, że zmiana nastawienia nastąpiła dopiero po realnym udziale w decyzji. Osobiście uważam, że problemem nie jest obojętność, tylko dostępność, ale trzeba przyznać, że sama instytucja nie wystarczy - młodzieżowa rada, której nikt nie słucha, pogłębia nieufność zamiast ją leczyć. Dlatego kluczowe jest nie samo powołanie rady, lecz obowiązek odpowiedzi na jej opinię. Podsumowując, na podstawie obu źródeł można stwierdzić, że młodzi Polacy angażują się wtedy, gdy widzą skutek swojego działania.

Exam focus

  • Build every reaction as claim plus reason plus located evidence plus concession; the AO4 grids reward conclusions supported by relevant and appropriate evidence (AO4).
  • Refer to both sources in the multi-skill task. AO1 and AO2 are separate ten-mark grids on separate sources, and an answer that uses one forfeits half of them (AO1 and AO2).
  • Buy the AO3 range mark with the subordination that argument requires: ponieważ, chociaż, mimo że, pod warunkiem, że, o ile (AO3).
  • Attribute contested positions rather than asserting them, and take your position on the issue rather than on a party (AO4).

Typical mistakes

  • Writing moim zdaniem to jest złe and believing it is a personal reaction. It is a feeling; the grids want an argued position.
  • Answering the multi-skill task from one source only. The AO1 and AO2 marks come from different sources and are awarded independently.
  • Ending with a summary rather than a conclusion. Podsumowując, oba źródła mówią o mieszkaniach decides nothing at all.
  • Adding a statistic to strengthen a claim. If it is not in the sources or in your researched knowledge, it weakens the answer instead.
  • Turning the answer into a statement of party allegiance, which replaces the argument the grid is marking with an opinion it is not.
  • Running out of time before the conclusion. Nothing is penalised for length, but an answer with no conclusion has skipped a requirement the specification names explicitly.

Active revision

Weź dowolny polski tekst i dowolne polskie nagranie na ten sam temat i napisz odpowiedź o długości mniej więcej dwustu słów. Odpowiedź musi zawierać jedno zdanie zaczynające się od „Oba źródła”, jedno od „Warto zwrócić uwagę, że”, jedno od „Osobiście uważam, że” z zastrzeżeniem po „ale trzeba przyznać, że” oraz wniosek zaczynający się od „Podsumowując”. Policz słowa, a potem sprawdź jedno: czy twój wniosek jest decyzją, czy tylko streszczeniem.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: GCE AS and A level subject content for modern foreign languages (Department for Education)

Contents

Section -- / 05

    • 01Młodzi a polityka: young people and their engagement with politics◐
    • 02Formy zaangażowania: from the ballot box to the school council◐
    • 03Priorytety polityki młodzieżowej: choosing one, and arguing it into first place●
    • 04Wartości i ideały: values, ideals and the danger of the platitude●
    • 05Exam technique: evidence rather than assertion, and the personal reaction that still argues●

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From notes into training

Młodzi a polityka: engagement, priorities and ideals in Poland

Reinforce this topic with matching tasks from the question bank.

~47
min
4
Competencies
Practise

References & sources

Sources

AQA

  • AQA A-level Polish (Listening, Reading, Writing) 7687 specification

Department for Education

  • GCE AS and A level subject content for modern foreign languages

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