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Notes/Italian/Speaking: Task 1, the stimulus card and the three grids
Notes · ItalianUK · A-Levels

Speaking: Task 1, the stimulus card and the three grids

Paper 3 is worth 72 marks and 30 per cent of the A-Level, and it is conducted in the centre by a teacher-examiner during a five-week window in April and May, recorded in full and marked by Pearson. This topic covers Task 1, the stimulus-card discussion, worth 30 of those 72 marks over 6 to 7 minutes after 5 minutes of supervised preparation. The mechanics are specific and worth knowing exactly: an invigilator, not the teacher-examiner, offers a choice in English between two sub-themes drawn from a Pearson sequencing grid; there are twelve stimulus cards in all, one for each sub-theme, three per theme; the chosen card carries two statements, A and B, offering different views; the student may make notes on one side of A4 but may not write on the card, must announce their chosen statement before beginning, and should not read out prepared sentences. Part 1 covers the two compulsory printed questions and follow-up; Part 2 broadens to the wider theme. Three grids are applied: knowledge and understanding of society and culture out of 12, accuracy and range of language out of 12, and interaction out of 6.

5 sections·~32 min reading time·3 competencies·Level Standard 1 · Advanced 4

T·101010 / 13
Exam profile
AO1 · Understand and respond in speech to spoken Italian in face-to-face interaction, initiating and sustaining discussionAO3 · Manipulate Italian accurately in spoken form, using a range of lexis and structureAO4 · Show knowledge and understanding of, and respond critically and analytically to, Italian society and culture
Operators:discuteresostenereconcedereconfutarechiedereconcludere

basic level

At first-year standard the expectation is a sustained discussion at a natural pace with clear opinions supported by examples, secure everyday structures, and responses that go beyond a single sentence.

higher level

The full A-Level expects the student to take the lead throughout, to develop and justify arguments and draw conclusions, to use complex language including the subjunctive spontaneously, to deploy communication strategies rather than stopping when a word is missing, and to elicit the examiner's point of view naturally at more than one moment in the conversation.

Depth

Reading depth: In depth

Text

Text size: Standard

Contents · 5 sections▾
  1. Speaking: Task 1, the stimulus card and the three grids
    • 01Il formato di Task 1 e la mappa delle dodici schede◐
    • 02I tre criteri: 12, 12 and 6, and what each is listening for●
    • 03L'interazione: taking the lead, eliciting and repairing●
    • 04La lingua del colloquio: register, hedging and the spoken subjunctive●
    • 05Exam technique: seven minutes, and how not to sound rehearsed●
§ 01

Il formato di Task 1 e la mappa delle dodici schede#

●●○StandardLPPearson Edexcel 9IN0 Paper 3 Task 1 - discussion on a theme, 30 marks, 6 to 7 minutes plus 5 minutes preparationLPPearson Edexcel 9IN0 Paper 3 - twelve stimulus cards in total, three per theme, allocated from a Pearson sequencing grid

Le dodici schede di Task 1

Le dodici schedeProbability tree, 12 paths, Data: Tema 1 · la società → la famiglia; Tema 1 · la società → l'istruzione; Tema 1 · la società → il mondo del lavoro; Tema 2 · la cultura → la musica; Tema 2 · la cultura → i media; Tema 2 · la cultura → il patrimonio culturale; Tema 3 · l'evoluzione → impatto dell'immigrazione; Tema 3 · l'evoluzione → problemi della migrazione; Tema 3 · l'evoluzione → il divario Nord/Sud; Tema 4 · dal fascismo → l'ascesa di Mussolini; Tema 4 · dal fascismo → il Fascismo e la guerra; Tema 4 · dal fascismo → dalla dittatura alla democraziaTema 1 · la societàTema 2 · la culturaTema 3 · l'evoluzioneTema 4 · dal fascismoi quattro temila famiglial'istruzioneil mondo del lavorola musicai mediail patrimonio culturaleimpatto dell'immigrazioneproblemi della migrazioneil divario Nord/Sudl'ascesa di Mussoliniil Fascismo e la guerradalla dittatura alla democrazia
Fig. 1One card per sub-theme, three per theme. This is the entire field of Task 1: there is nothing else it can be about, which makes complete preparation a finite task rather than an open-ended one.

Key points

The mechanics are prescribed in detail and knowing them removes a whole category of avoidable stress. An invigilator — not the teacher-examiner, who is not responsible for providing the cards — offers you a choice in English between two sub-themes, using the wording on Pearson's sequencing grid, and neither the invigilator nor your teacher chooses which two you are offered. You do not see the card before you choose. The two sub-themes will come from two of the four themes. Once you have chosen, you are given the corresponding card and the five minutes of supervised preparation begin immediately, outside the examination room. The card carries two statements, A and B, offering different views on the sub-theme; you choose one during the preparation and must tell the teacher-examiner which one before the discussion begins. You may make notes on up to one side of A4 and refer to them, but the notes are for reference and reading out whole prepared sentences is explicitly not what they are for. You may not write on the card itself.
Because there are twelve cards, one per sub-theme, the field is finite and completely knowable in advance. Tema 1 supplies l'evoluzione della famiglia italiana, l'istruzione and il mondo del lavoro. Tema 2 supplies la musica, i media and il patrimonio culturale. Tema 3 supplies l'impatto positivo dell'immigrazione, i problemi della migrazione and il divario Nord/Sud. Tema 4 supplies l'ascesa di Mussolini al potere, il Fascismo durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale and dalla dittatura alla democrazia. Preparing twelve sub-themes to the same standard is a finite and achievable task, and it is the single most useful thing a candidate can do for this paper, because the alternative — hoping for a favourite — carries a real chance of being offered two sub-themes you have neglected.
The discussion has two parts and they demand different things. In Part 1 the teacher-examiner asks the two compulsory questions printed on the card, in the order they appear; they may be repeated but not rephrased, so if you do not understand one you should ask for repetition rather than expect a paraphrase. The examiner then develops the discussion with follow-up questions relating to the statement you chose. In Part 2 the examiner broadens the discussion to other aspects of the overall theme, using optional generic questions supplied by Pearson as a guide. The practical consequence of that structure is that you must hold material in reserve: a candidate who empties everything they know into the answer to the first compulsory question will have nothing left when the discussion widens, and the broadening is where a third of the time lies.
Two more procedural facts are worth knowing. The whole speaking assessment lasts 16 to 18 minutes of speaking plus the 5 minutes of preparation, and timing begins with your first utterance in relation to Task 1; once the maximum time has passed the examiner brings the assessment to a natural end and nothing said beyond it can be credited. And the specification notes that because of the timings the teacher-examiner should contribute only brief opinions when you ask for their view — which tells you something useful about how to ask: a question that invites a long answer wastes your own assessment time, whereas «È d'accordo?» costs three seconds and earns the same interaction credit.
Worked example

Opening a Task 1 discussion in the first forty seconds

You have chosen statement B on the card for il mondo del lavoro: «La flessibilità del lavoro è un vantaggio per i giovani.» The examiner asks the first compulsory question: «Perché ha scelto questa affermazione?» Build the first forty seconds.

  1. 01Answer the question actually asked

    Ho scelto questa affermazione perché mi sembra quella su cui c'è più da discutere: la parola flessibilità significa cose molto diverse a seconda di chi la usa. The question was why you chose it, not what you think of it, and answering it directly costs nothing and demonstrates that you are listening. The second clause immediately announces the distinction you intend to make, which sets up the whole discussion.

  2. 02Make the distinction explicit

    Per un'azienda flessibilità vuol dire poter assumere e licenziare rapidamente; per un giovane può voler dire non sapere se fra sei mesi avrà ancora un contratto. Two definitions of one word, in parallel structures. Vuol dire and può voler dire are both idiomatic; note the modal stacking in può voler dire, which is genuinely complex language used because the meaning needs it.

  3. 03Take a position without closing the discussion

    Quindi direi che l'affermazione è vera solo a certe condizioni: la flessibilità è un vantaggio quando esiste una rete di protezione, e uno svantaggio quando non c'è. Solo a certe condizioni is the formulation that lets you agree and disagree in one sentence, which is what a two-sided statement is designed to elicit.

  4. 04Ground it in one concrete case

    Basti pensare ai rider delle consegne, il cui statuto contrattuale è stato discusso più volte nei tribunali italiani. Basti pensare a is a congiuntivo formula; il cui is the relative possessive, agreeing with statuto. One named case, in one clause — and it is held in reserve for expansion when the examiner follows up, rather than exhausted now.

  5. 05Stop, and hand back

    Lei la vede allo stesso modo? Forty seconds is the right length for an opening: long enough to establish a position and a distinction, short enough that the examiner can develop it. Handing back with a short question begins the interaction credit immediately, and la vede allo stesso modo uses the direct-object pronoun la referring to the affermazione.

Result: «Ho scelto questa affermazione perché mi sembra quella su cui c'è più da discutere: la parola flessibilità significa cose molto diverse a seconda di chi la usa. Per un'azienda vuol dire poter assumere e licenziare rapidamente; per un giovane può voler dire non sapere se fra sei mesi avrà ancora un contratto. Quindi direi che l'affermazione è vera solo a certe condizioni: la flessibilità è un vantaggio quando esiste una rete di protezione, e uno svantaggio quando non c'è. Basti pensare ai rider delle consegne, il cui statuto contrattuale è stato discusso più volte nei tribunali italiani. Lei la vede allo stesso modo?»

Exam focus

  • Prepare all twelve sub-themes to the same standard; the field is finite and you do not choose which two you are offered (AO4).
  • Hold material in reserve for Part 2, when the examiner broadens beyond the card (AO4).
  • Ask short eliciting questions rather than open ones; the examiner is instructed to answer briefly, and your speaking time is finite (AO1).

Typical mistakes

  • Expecting to choose the sub-theme freely. You are offered two, from a sequencing grid, and you see the card only after choosing.
  • Expecting a compulsory question to be rephrased. It may be repeated but not rephrased; ask for repetition.
  • Writing on the stimulus card, which is not permitted.
  • Using all your material on the first question and having nothing for the broadening in Part 2.

Active revision

Scrivi tu stesso, per ciascuno dei dodici sotto-temi, due affermazioni contrapposte come quelle di una scheda. Poi, a caso, estraine una e preparala in cinque minuti cronometrati.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Italian (9IN0) specification (Pearson Edexcel)

§ 02

I tre criteri: 12, 12 and 6, and what each is listening for#

●●●AdvancedLPPearson Edexcel 9IN0 Paper 3 Task 1 - knowledge and understanding of society and culture (AO4), 12 marksLPPearson Edexcel 9IN0 Paper 3 Task 1 - accuracy and range of language (AO3), 12 marks; interaction (AO1), 6 marks

Key points

Three separate grids are applied to the same six or seven minutes of speech, and they reward different and partly independent things — which is why a candidate can speak beautifully and score in the middle, or know a great deal and score in the middle for a different reason. Knowledge and understanding of society and culture (AO4) is out of 12 and is looking for relevant, perceptive ideas consistently supported by pertinent information, examples and references, with focus maintained on the cultural and social context and with developed, justified arguments drawing convincing conclusions. Accuracy and range of language (AO3) is out of 12 and assesses variation of grammatical structures and vocabulary together with accuracy of pronunciation, grammar and syntax. Interaction (AO1) is out of 6 and assesses spontaneity, the ability to sustain and to initiate, the use of communication strategies, and the eliciting of the examiner's points of view.
The AO4 grid's own vocabulary is the most useful thing in the specification for a speaking candidate, because it is a checklist rather than an aspiration. Its lower bands say straightforward, generalised, occasionally supported, relies on description rather than analysis, conclusions that may be contradictory. Its upper bands say relevant, perceptive, consistently supported by pertinent information, consistently focused on the cultural and social context, and analysis demonstrated by consistently developed and justified arguments drawing convincing conclusions. And the specification defines perceptive: demonstrating in-depth understanding by making connections between ideas and information, going beyond the standard predictable response, showing insight or originality. Every one of those is actionable. Connections between ideas means linking two sub-themes out loud. Beyond the predictable means saying what a stimulus statement assumes before answering it.
The AO3 grid in speaking assesses accuracy and range together in one mark out of 12, which changes the calculation compared with the essay paper, where they are separate. In speech, an error that hinders understanding costs more than one that does not, because the examiner is processing in real time; but a candidate who plays entirely safe will be capped by the range half of the descriptor, which asks for consistent variation in grammatical structures and vocabulary including complex language. The practical resolution is to rehearse a small number of complex structures until they are automatic and then use them naturally: the congiuntivo after credo che and non è detto che; a relative with a preposition (la ragione per cui, il cui); a passive with venire or andare; a conditional sentence; and comparatives with più ... che against più ... di. Five structures, used once or twice each across seven minutes, satisfy the range descriptor without any risk to accuracy.
Pronunciation is named explicitly in the AO3 descriptor and is the element candidates most often ignore. Three things carry most of it in Italian. Vowels are pure and constant: the a in casa is the same a every time, and the English tendency to reduce unstressed vowels to a neutral sound is the single most audible foreign feature. Double consonants are genuinely long and genuinely distinguish words — nonno against nono, cassa against casa, fatto against fato — so failing to lengthen them can produce a different word. And stress must fall where it belongs, especially in the third person plural of verbs, where it retracts to the stem. None of this requires an accent; it requires that the sounds you do produce be the right ones and in the right places.
Worked example

Two answers to the same question, one for each end of the AO4 grid

The question is: «Che ruolo ha la famiglia nella società italiana di oggi?» Compare a middle-band answer with a top-band one and identify exactly what changed.

  1. 01The middle-band answer

    La famiglia è molto importante in Italia. Gli italiani sono legati alla famiglia e passano molto tempo insieme, per esempio la domenica. Però oggi le famiglie sono più piccole di una volta. This is accurate, fluent and correct. It is also, in the grid's own words, straightforward and generalised, with information rather than analysis and no conclusion. It sits in the middle bands and no amount of extra fluency will move it.

  2. 02Change one: replace a description with a function

    In Italia la famiglia non è soltanto un legame affettivo: funziona anche da ammortizzatore sociale, cioè assorbe rischi che altrove assorbe lo Stato. The claim now says what the family does structurally rather than that it matters, and funzionare da is precise. This one substitution moves the answer a whole band.

  3. 03Change two: support it with a pertinent example

    Basti pensare ai giovani disoccupati che restano in casa, o ai nonni che permettono a entrambi i genitori di lavorare. Two concrete instances, both checkable, both drawn from Italian reality rather than from generality. The grid asks for pertinent information, examples and references, and this is what they look like.

  4. 04Change three: connect to another sub-theme

    Il che collega questo tema al mercato del lavoro: se i contratti fossero più stabili, l'età media in cui si lascia la casa dei genitori sarebbe più bassa. Il che refers to the whole preceding clause, and the conditional sentence is a second-type periodo ipotetico. The specification's definition of perceptive names exactly this — making connections between ideas and information.

  5. 05Change four: conclude, and make the conclusion do work

    Direi quindi che la centralità della famiglia italiana non è soltanto un fatto culturale, ma anche il risultato di un welfare debole — e questo spiega perché resista anche mentre le famiglie diventano più piccole. The conclusion links back to the shrinking families the middle-band answer mentioned without explaining, and resista is a congiuntivo after perché in a causal-explanatory clause. Same length, same fluency, four bands of difference.

Result: «In Italia la famiglia non è soltanto un legame affettivo: funziona anche da ammortizzatore sociale, cioè assorbe rischi che altrove assorbe lo Stato. Basti pensare ai giovani disoccupati che restano in casa, o ai nonni che permettono a entrambi i genitori di lavorare. Il che collega questo tema al mercato del lavoro: se i contratti fossero più stabili, l'età media in cui si lascia la casa dei genitori sarebbe più bassa. Direi quindi che la centralità della famiglia italiana non è soltanto un fatto culturale, ma anche il risultato di un welfare debole — e questo spiega perché resista anche mentre le famiglie diventano più piccole.»

Exam focus

  • Treat the AO4 descriptors as a checklist: perceptive means connecting ideas and going beyond the predictable, and the specification says so (AO4).
  • Rehearse five complex structures until they are automatic; that satisfies the range descriptor with no cost to accuracy (AO3).
  • Work on pure vowels, long double consonants and correct stress. Pronunciation is named in the grid (AO3).

Typical mistakes

  • Speaking fluently about nothing in particular, which scores for AO3 and very little for AO4.
  • Playing entirely safe grammatically, which caps the AO3 mark through the range half of the descriptor.
  • Reducing unstressed vowels as in English, which is the most audible foreign feature in Italian speech.
  • Shortening double consonants, which can turn nonno into nono and fatto into fato.

Active revision

Registra tre minuti di parlato su un sotto-tema e riascoltati con i tre criteri in mano: quante idee sono sostenute da un esempio preciso, quante strutture complesse hai usato, quante volte hai sollecitato il parere dell'interlocutore.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

§ 03

L'interazione: taking the lead, eliciting and repairing#

●●●AdvancedLPPearson Edexcel 9IN0 Paper 3 - interaction (AO1), 6 marks in Task 1 and 6 marks in Task 2 Part 2LPPearson Edexcel 9IN0 Paper 3 - students are expected to ask questions that elicit opinions and to confirm that their own points of view have been understood

Key points

Interaction is only 6 marks in Task 1 and another 6 in Task 2, but it is the most mechanically winnable of the three grids because its requirements are explicit and rehearsable. The top band asks for three things: interacting spontaneously throughout and responding with assurance, with minimal hesitation; consistently taking the lead to develop the conversation; and eliciting points of view and checking for understanding naturally and appropriately at different points in the conversation. That last clause is the one candidates lose. It is not enough to ask a question — it must be asked naturally, and at different points, which rules out saving all your questions for the end. Two or three, spread across the discussion, is the shape the grid describes.
The specification prints its own examples of eliciting and checking, and they are short, which is the point: «È d'accordo con me?», «Non crede sia giusto pensare che...?», «Potremmo dire che...?», «Che cosa pensa di...?», «Capisce quello che voglio dire?». Notice two things about them. First, they are addressed with Lei, the formal second person, which is the appropriate register with a teacher-examiner and which requires the third-person verb form: crede, pensa, capisce, è. Second, «Non crede sia giusto» drops the che before the subjunctive — an ellipsis that is entirely standard in Italian and that sounds far more native than the full form. Prepare four or five such questions, vary them, and place them where they belong: after you have made a claim, not after you have run out of things to say.
Taking the lead is the second component and it is a matter of habit rather than of confidence. Three moves do most of the work. Widen: e questo vale anche per ..., which lets you connect to a second sub-theme unprompted. Anticipate: qui però bisogna distinguere due cose, which announces a structure before the examiner has to ask for one. And redirect: la domanda vera, secondo me, è un'altra, which reframes rather than merely answers. A candidate who uses all three across seven minutes will be described by the grid as consistently taking the lead, whereas one who answers each question fully and then stops will be described as relying on the examiner's lead, however good the answers are.
The third component is communication strategies, and the specification defines them: strategies that aid communication and allow the conversation to be sustained — rephrasing, circumlocution, adjusting the message, asking for clarification or repetition, and repair strategies such as self-correction — enabling students to deliver the message when exact vocabulary is not known. That definition is permission. Not knowing a word is not a failure in this paper; stopping is. Learn the Italian that keeps you moving: come si dice..., non mi viene la parola, diciamo, una specie di..., quella cosa che serve per..., insomma, per essere più preciso... And learn to self-correct out loud — anzi, meglio: ... — because the grid names self-correction as a strategy, so an audible repair earns credit rather than losing it.
Worked example

Recovering from a missing word without stopping

Mid-discussion on il patrimonio culturale you want to say that a festival has been turned into a tourist attraction, and the word for attraction does not come. Show the recovery.

  1. 01Do not stop, and do not switch to English

    Silence and English both cost marks; the grid explicitly credits strategies that let the message through when exact vocabulary is not known. The first move is to keep the sentence going with a filler that buys half a second: diciamo, insomma, come dire.

  2. 02Circumlocute with a functional description

    Molte feste sono diventate ormai, diciamo, qualcosa che serve soprattutto ad attirare i turisti. Qualcosa che serve a plus infinitive is the general-purpose Italian circumlocution and it will describe almost any noun you cannot retrieve. Attirare is a common verb and far more likely to be available than attrazione.

  3. 03Self-correct audibly if the word arrives

    ... anzi, un'attrazione turistica, ecco. Anzi introduces a correction that improves on what was just said, and ecco closes it. The specification names self-correction as a repair strategy, so an audible correction is evidence for the grid rather than an admission of failure.

  4. 04Turn the difficulty into content

    E forse la parola stessa dice qualcosa: se una festa diventa un'attrazione, allora ha cambiato funzione, perché non è più fatta per chi ci vive ma per chi viene a guardarla. The hesitation has become an observation about the vocabulary itself, which is analysis, and it recovers the AO4 ground that the pause cost.

  5. 05Hand back and reset

    Non so se mi sono spiegato — Lei che impressione ha? Checking for understanding is explicitly named in the AO1 descriptor, and here it does real work: it closes a slightly bumpy passage cleanly and passes the turn while you regroup. Mi sono spiegato agrees with the speaker; a female candidate says mi sono spiegata.

Result: «Molte feste sono diventate ormai, diciamo, qualcosa che serve soprattutto ad attirare i turisti — anzi, un'attrazione turistica, ecco. E forse la parola stessa dice qualcosa: se una festa diventa un'attrazione, allora ha cambiato funzione, perché non è più fatta per chi ci vive ma per chi viene a guardarla. Non so se mi sono spiegato — Lei che impressione ha?»

Exam focus

  • Ask two or three short eliciting questions, spread across the discussion, not saved for the end (AO1).
  • Use the three lead-taking moves: widen, anticipate, redirect (AO1).
  • Circumlocute rather than stop. The specification names circumlocution and self-correction as credited strategies (AO1).

Typical mistakes

  • Asking all the eliciting questions at the end, which the grid describes as contrived.
  • Using tu with the teacher-examiner. The register is Lei, with third-person verb forms.
  • Stopping when a word is missing rather than working round it, which loses interaction marks that circumlocution would have kept.
  • Answering each question completely and then falling silent, which the grid calls relying on the examiner's lead.

Active revision

Fai una conversazione di sette minuti in italiano con qualcuno e conta: quante volte hai sollecitato un parere, quante volte hai allargato il discorso senza che te lo chiedessero, quante volte ti sei corretto ad alta voce invece di fermarti.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

§ 04

La lingua del colloquio: register, hedging and the spoken subjunctive#

●●●AdvancedLPPearson Edexcel 9IN0 Paper 3 - accuracy and range of language (AO3), assessing variation of grammatical structures and vocabulary and accuracy of pronunciation, grammar and syntaxLPPearson Edexcel 9IN0 Appendix 3 Grammar list - Modes of address (tu, Lei); Discourse markers; Fillers

Key points

The register is formal but conversational, and the first decision is the mode of address: Lei, which the grammar list names explicitly. Lei takes third-person verb forms — Lei pensa, Lei crede, Lei ha ragione — and the corresponding object pronouns La and Le. It is easy to start correctly and drift, so rehearse the questions you intend to ask in the Lei form until they are automatic; a stray tu in the middle of an otherwise formal discussion is audible. The register also affects vocabulary: prefer ritengo to penso occasionally, direi to credo, and avoid the strongest colloquialisms while keeping the natural discourse markers, which belong in speech at any register.
Hedging is what makes spoken opinion sound educated rather than blunt, and Italian has a rich apparatus for it. Conditional verbs: direi che, sarebbe interessante, mi verrebbe da dire, si potrebbe sostenere che. Impersonal frames: si tende a pensare che, c'è chi sostiene che, non è detto che. Adverbs of qualification: forse, probabilmente, in un certo senso, per certi versi, in larga misura, almeno in parte. And the concessive openers: certo ..., è vero che ..., non nego che ... Each of these buys thinking time as well as sounding native, which is a double benefit under exam conditions. The rule is to hedge the claim, not the evidence: say direi che il problema è strutturale, not il problema è forse un po' strutturale, which sounds uncertain about a fact rather than careful about a judgement.
The congiuntivo in speech is worth its own treatment because it is where the range mark is most easily and most safely earned. Native spoken Italian uses it constantly after a small number of extremely frequent frames, and a candidate who has automated five of them will produce subjunctives without thinking: credo che, non credo che, mi sembra che, bisogna che, benché. Add non è detto che and può darsi che and you have seven. Practise them not as grammar but as opening phrases: say credo che sia, credo che ci sia, credo che si tratti di, non credo che basti, mi sembra che dipenda da, bisogna che si faccia, benché sia, until the subjunctive arrives with the frame rather than after a pause for calculation. That is the difference between complex language and language that sounds complex.
Finally, the fillers. Used well they are native and they buy time; used badly they are the audible sound of a candidate stalling. The good ones carry meaning or structure: allora and dunque open, diciamo and cioè gloss, insomma summarises, comunque returns to the main point, appunto confirms, ecco closes. The bad habit is repetition of a single one — a discussion punctuated by nine occurrences of diciamo is not fluent — and the worse habit is the English filler, which breaks the language entirely. Vary them, and note that a short silence in Italian is perfectly acceptable while a filled hesitation in English is not.
Worked example

The same claim at three levels of register control

You want to say that Italian television has less political influence than it used to. Show the claim as a beginner, an intermediate and a top-band candidate would produce it.

  1. 01Level one: correct and flat

    La televisione italiana ha meno influenza politica di prima. Grammatically correct and completely unobjectionable. It is also one clause, one tense, one structure and no hedging — the grid's straightforward end.

  2. 02Level two: add a hedge and a reason

    Direi che la televisione italiana abbia meno influenza politica di un tempo, soprattutto perché i giovani si informano altrove. Direi che triggers the congiuntivo abbia; di un tempo is a slightly more elevated than prima; and the causal clause supplies a reason. The claim is now a judgement with support.

  3. 03Level three: add a concession and a distinction

    Direi che la televisione italiana abbia meno influenza di un tempo, almeno sui giovani — che ormai si informano quasi solo online. Detto questo, non è detto che l'influenza sia diminuita: forse si è spostata, nel senso che oggi conta di più chi decide che cosa appare nei social. Two subjunctives from two different frames, a concession, a distinction between diminished and displaced, and a relative with chi. Same claim, three levels apart.

  4. 04Check the register

    Nothing in level three is colloquial, but nothing is bookish either: detto questo, nel sense che and ormai are all natural spoken Italian. The only thing to check is that if you then ask the examiner a question, it is in the Lei form: Lei crede che sia davvero diminuita, o solo spostata?

  5. 05Check the pronunciation load

    Read level three aloud and check three things: the double consonants in detto and influenza has none but soprattutto has two; the pure vowels in ormai and quasi; and the stress in si informano, which falls on the second syllable of informano, not the third. The AO3 grid names pronunciation, and a well-built sentence delivered with English vowel reduction still loses part of the mark.

Result: «Direi che la televisione italiana abbia meno influenza di un tempo, almeno sui giovani — che ormai si informano quasi solo online. Detto questo, non è detto che l'influenza sia diminuita: forse si è spostata, nel senso che oggi conta di più chi decide che cosa appare nei social. Lei crede che sia davvero diminuita, o solo spostata?»

Exam focus

  • Rehearse your eliciting questions in the Lei form until they are automatic; drifting into tu is audible (AO3).
  • Automate seven subjunctive frames as opening phrases so the mood arrives with the frame, not after a pause (AO3).
  • Vary the fillers and never use an English one; a short silence is better than an English hesitation (AO3).

Typical mistakes

  • Drifting from Lei to tu mid-discussion.
  • Hedging the evidence instead of the claim, which sounds uncertain about facts rather than careful about judgements.
  • Repeating a single filler until it becomes a tic.
  • Producing a subjunctive after a visible pause for calculation, which the grid hears as hesitation rather than range.

Active revision

Registrati mentre parli per due minuti e trascrivi ogni segnale discorsivo e ogni esitazione. Poi rifai lo stesso discorso imponendoti sette avvii diversi al congiuntivo e nessun riempitivo ripetuto più di due volte.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

§ 05

Exam technique: seven minutes, and how not to sound rehearsed#

●●●AdvancedLPPearson Edexcel 9IN0 Paper 3 Task 1 - 6 to 7 minutes of discussion; notes may be made on one side of A4 and referred to, but students should not read out whole prepared sentencesLPPearson Edexcel 9IN0 Paper 3 - the timing begins with the student's first utterance and nothing beyond the maximum time can be credited

Key points

Six or seven minutes is longer than it sounds and shorter than it feels. The realistic shape is: forty seconds establishing a position on the chosen statement, two to three minutes on Part 1 developing it under the examiner's follow-up questions, and three or more minutes on Part 2 as the discussion broadens to the wider theme. Two consequences follow. Material must be held back, because more than half the time comes after the card's own questions are exhausted. And answers must be developed rather than complete: an answer that fully closes a question leaves the examiner nothing to follow up, whereas an answer that makes a claim, supports it and opens a further question invites development — which is exactly what a discussion is and what the interaction grid rewards.
The specification is explicit that notes are for reference and that whole prepared sentences should not be read out, and there is a marking reason as well as a rule. Reading is audible: the intonation flattens, the hesitations disappear in the wrong places, and the interaction grid is assessing spontaneity — responding to what has actually been said with an impromptu, relevant response. A rehearsed paragraph delivered regardless of the question is the clearest possible evidence of the opposite. So prepare content, not text: notes should be nouns, dates and single structures, plus at most one fully written sentence for the opening, which is the only moment when the value of certainty exceeds the cost of sounding prepared.
Three habits keep a discussion sounding live. First, respond to the actual words the examiner used, even minimally: Lei dice che ... — sì, ma il punto è che ... This costs three seconds and it is the audible signature of spontaneous interaction. Second, use the second person: se Lei pensa a ..., or immagini una famiglia che ..., because directing an example at your interlocutor turns a monologue into a conversation. Third, vary the length of your turns. A candidate whose every contribution runs forty-five seconds sounds rehearsed however good the content; one who mixes a long developed answer with a short sharp one sounds like someone talking.
Finally, plan the recovery in advance, because something will go wrong. If you mishear a question, ask for repetition — the compulsory questions may be repeated, and asking is itself an interaction strategy, not an admission. If you lose a word, circumlocute out loud. If you realise mid-sentence that you have taken a position you cannot support, reverse audibly: anzi, forse sto esagerando — diciamo piuttosto che ... A visible, spoken repair is credited by the grid, whereas a sentence abandoned in silence is not. And if you run dry on the card's sub-theme, widen it yourself: e questo, del resto, vale anche per ... — a move that both fills the silence and demonstrates the connection-making that the AO4 grid calls perceptive.
Worked example

Turning a closed answer into a developing one

The examiner asks: «Secondo Lei, la scuola italiana prepara bene al mondo del lavoro?» Compare an answer that closes the question with one that develops it.

  1. 01The closed answer

    No, secondo me non prepara bene, perché è troppo teorica e i ragazzi non fanno abbastanza esperienza pratica. Correct, supported and complete. It is also finished: the examiner must now start a new topic, and the candidate has ended their own turn rather than extended it.

  2. 02Open the answer with a distinction

    Dipende da che cosa intendiamo per preparare. Se intendiamo dare competenze immediatamente spendibili, allora no; se intendiamo dare una formazione generale che permetta di imparare in seguito, allora direi di sì. A distinction cannot be closed by a follow-up: whichever half the examiner picks up, you have already framed it.

  3. 03Ground each half concretely

    I licei, per esempio, non preparano a un mestiere e non pretendono di farlo; gli istituti tecnici e professionali sì, e i PCTO — quelli che una volta si chiamavano alternanza scuola-lavoro — servono proprio a questo. Naming the institutions and the renamed scheme is pertinent information in the grid's sense, and the parenthetical about the renaming is the kind of detail that reads as real knowledge.

  4. 04Leave a door open

    Quello che mi convince meno, semmai, è la scelta a quattordici anni: mi sembra troppo presto perché un ragazzo sappia già che cosa vuole fare. Semmai marks a shift to your real reservation; sappia is a congiuntivo after perché in a purpose-like sense. This sentence invites a follow-up rather than answering one, and the examiner will almost certainly take it.

  5. 05Hand over, briefly

    Lei pensa che a quattordici anni si possa già scegliere? Short, formal, and it converts your reservation into the next question. Compare the two versions: same knowledge, same accuracy, but the second has generated the next two minutes of the discussion while the first ended it.

Result: «Dipende da che cosa intendiamo per preparare. Se intendiamo dare competenze immediatamente spendibili, allora no; se intendiamo dare una formazione generale che permetta di imparare in seguito, allora direi di sì. I licei, per esempio, non preparano a un mestiere e non pretendono di farlo; gli istituti tecnici e professionali sì, e i PCTO — quelli che una volta si chiamavano alternanza scuola-lavoro — servono proprio a questo. Quello che mi convince meno, semmai, è la scelta a quattordici anni: mi sembra troppo presto perché un ragazzo sappia già che cosa vuole fare. Lei pensa che a quattordici anni si possa già scegliere?»

Exam focus

  • Plan for more than half the time to come after the card's own questions; hold material back for Part 2 (AO4).
  • Prepare content, not text. One written opening sentence at most; everything else in notes (AO1).
  • Repair audibly. A spoken self-correction is credited; a sentence abandoned in silence is not (AO1).

Typical mistakes

  • Delivering a rehearsed paragraph regardless of the question, which the interaction grid hears immediately.
  • Giving every answer the same length, which sounds prepared even when it is not.
  • Exhausting the sub-theme in Part 1 and having nothing when the discussion broadens.
  • Abandoning a sentence in silence instead of repairing it out loud.

Active revision

Fai una prova cronometrata di sette minuti su una scheda che non hai preparato, con un interlocutore che ti interrompe con domande. Riascoltati e segna: dove hai letto, dove hai ripetuto, dove hai lasciato cadere una frase senza ripararla.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Italian (9IN0) specification (Pearson Edexcel)

Contents

Section -- / 05

    • 01Il formato di Task 1 e la mappa delle dodici schede◐
    • 02I tre criteri: 12, 12 and 6, and what each is listening for●
    • 03L'interazione: taking the lead, eliciting and repairing●
    • 04La lingua del colloquio: register, hedging and the spoken subjunctive●
    • 05Exam technique: seven minutes, and how not to sound rehearsed●

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From notes into training

Speaking: Task 1, the stimulus card and the three grids

Reinforce this topic with matching tasks from the question bank.

~32
min
3
Competencies
Practise

References & sources

Sources

Pearson Edexcel

  • Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Italian (9IN0) specification

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