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IE · Subject guide

Geography

Leaving Certificate Geography (NCCA specification), Higher and Ordinary Level, with the SEC examination.

Editorially reviewed26 July 2026·Leaving Certificate
9Topic nodes
2Levels and pathways
1Regions
2Public references

Contents

  1. 01Overview
  2. 02Complete topic map
  3. 03Where this subject applies
  4. 04Official sources
  5. 05In-depth guides

01 · Overview

Geography

Leaving Certificate Geography (NCCA specification), Higher and Ordinary Level, with the SEC examination.

Subject guide
Leaving Certificate
Topics mapped
9

02 · Complete topic map

Complete topic map

Every topic recorded for this subject in the curriculum is reproduced below in its full hierarchy. The descriptions reflect the mapped scope without implying additional exam rules.

  1. 01

    Core Unit One – Patterns and Processes in the Physical Environment

    Studies the structure of the Earth, plate tectonics, rock formation and the rock cycle, and the surface processes of weathering, mass movement, rivers, the sea and ice that shape landforms.

  2. 02

    Core Unit Two – Regional Geography

    Examines how regions are defined and develop, comparing the physical, economic, human and cultural characteristics of Irish, European and continental/subcontinental regions, including the impact of EU and global forces.

  3. 03

    Core Unit Three – Geographical Investigation and Skills

    Develops fieldwork, mapping, photographic interpretation, data-collection and statistical skills, culminating in the student-led Geographical Investigation report submitted for assessment.

  4. 04

    Elective Unit Four – Patterns and Processes in Economic Activities

    An elective examining the location and change of primary, secondary and tertiary economic activities, resources and energy, transport, trade, and the role of economic policy and globalisation.

  5. 05

    Elective Unit Five – Patterns and Processes in the Human Environment

    An elective studying population dynamics, distribution and migration, settlement patterns, and the growth, structure and challenges of urban and rural areas.

  6. 06

    Optional Unit Six – Global Interdependence

    A Higher Level option exploring models of development, global inequality and trade, the role of multinationals, NGOs and aid, and sustainability and environmental issues at a global scale.

  7. 07

    Optional Unit Seven – Geoecology

    A Higher Level option on soils, soil formation and horizons, the characteristics of a chosen biome, and the human impact of deforestation, agriculture and development on ecosystems.

  8. 08

    Optional Unit Eight – Culture and Identity

    A Higher Level option examining the distribution of races, the role of language and religion in identity, related cultural conflicts, and the formation of physical and political boundaries and nationality.

  9. 09

    Optional Unit Nine – The Atmosphere-Ocean Environment

    A Higher Level option on the composition and dynamics of the atmosphere and oceans, the hydrological cycle, global circulation, a chosen global climate, and the evidence and causes of climate change.

03 · Where this subject applies

Where this subject applies

These pathways and regions are explicitly connected to the subject in the curriculum.

Levels and pathways

01

Higher Level

Higher Level — the more demanding level, with broader and deeper content and the H1–H8 grade scale.

02

Ordinary Level

Ordinary Level — the foundational level covering the core of the syllabus, graded O1–O8.

Regions

All registered regions

01IrelandThe Leaving Certificate is the terminal examination of the Irish senior cycle. Curriculum specifications are set by the NCCA (curriculumonline.ie) and the examination is run by the State Examinations Commission (SEC, examinations.ie). Most subjects are offered at Higher and Ordinary Level; English, Irish and Mathematics also offer Foundation Level.IE

04 · Official sources

Official sources

The public sources below are referenced directly by this subject or by one of its topics.

This editorial selection points to the relevant official bodies. Always confirm current requirements, dates and exceptional arrangements with your school and the responsible authority.

2
Public references

S·01National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA)Leaving Certificate subject specifications & syllabusesOpen source↗S·02State Examinations Commission (SEC)State Examinations Commission — Leaving Certificate examination & marking schemesOpen source↗

05 · In-depth guides

In-depth guides

G·01Your Leaving Cert study plan: an 8-week methodA realistic eight-week Leaving Cert study plan: an honest audit, subjects in rotation with active recall, orals and projects planned in, full papers to finish.8 min read→G·02How does the Leaving Certificate work? Papers, levels and gradingNCCA specifications and SEC exams, Higher and Ordinary Level, H1–H8 and O1–O8 grades, orals, projects and marking schemes: how the Leaving Cert fits together.7 min read→

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IE · EuraStudy Guides

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