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All curriculum guides/UK A-Levels/Philosophy

UK·Subject guide

Philosophy

A-Level Philosophy (AQA 7172), against the DfE/Ofqual subject content.

Editorially reviewed26 July 2026·A-Levels
Revision ↗︎Complete topic map ↓Official sources ↗︎
Philosophy·A-Levels
Topic nodes
17
Pathways and specifications
2
Nations and regions
1
Public references
2
Contents+
  1. 01Overview
  2. 02Complete topic map
  3. 03Where this subject applies
  4. 04Official sources
  5. 05In-depth guides

Contents

  1. 01Overview
  2. 02Complete topic map
  3. 03Where this subject applies
  4. 04Official sources
  5. 05In-depth guides

Overview

Philosophy

A-Level Philosophy (AQA 7172), against the DfE/Ofqual subject content.

Subject guide
A-Levels
Topics mapped
17

Complete topic map

Complete topic map

Every topic recorded for this subject in the curriculum is reproduced below in its full hierarchy. The descriptions reflect the mapped scope without implying additional exam rules.

  1. 01

    What is knowledge?

    Distinguishes acquaintance, ability and propositional knowledge, and examines whether propositional knowledge can be defined as justified true belief in light of Gettier-style counterexamples and revised analyses.

  2. 02

    Perception as a source of knowledge

    Compares theories of how the external world is perceived, including direct realism, indirect realism and Berkeley's idealism, alongside their main objections.

  3. 03

    Reason as a source of knowledge

    Investigates rationalist claims that some knowledge is innate or gained through intuition and deduction, set against empiricist responses such as the tabula rasa view.

  4. 04

    The limits of knowledge

    Explores philosophical scepticism, the distinction between local and global doubt, Descartes' sceptical arguments and various attempts to answer them.

  5. 05

    Normative ethical theories

    Studies the three main approaches to right action and the good life: utilitarianism, Kantian deontological ethics and Aristotelian virtue ethics.

  6. 06

    Applied ethics

    Applies the normative and meta-ethical theories to concrete moral issues such as stealing, simulated killing, eating animals and lying.

  7. 07

    Meta-ethics

    Examines the status and meaning of moral language and judgements through moral realism and anti-realism, including cognitivist and non-cognitivist positions.

  8. 08

    The concept and nature of God

    Analyses the divine attributes of omniscience, omnipotence and supreme goodness, God's relationship to time, and arguments that the concept of God is incoherent.

  9. 09

    Ontological arguments

    Assesses a priori arguments that God's existence follows from the concept of God, drawing on thinkers such as Anselm and their critics.

  10. 10

    Teleological (design) arguments

    Evaluates arguments from apparent order, purpose or fine-tuning in the universe to the existence of a designer, together with objections to them.

  11. 11

    Cosmological arguments

    Considers arguments from causation, contingency and the existence of the universe to a first cause or necessary being, and the challenges they face.

  12. 12

    The problem of evil

    Explores the logical and evidential problems posed by suffering and wrongdoing for belief in an omnipotent and benevolent God, and theodicies offered in response.

  13. 13

    Religious language

    Investigates whether religious statements are meaningful, contrasting cognitivism with non-cognitivism and the verification and falsification debates.

  14. 14

    What do we mean by 'mind'?

    Examines the defining features of mental states, including phenomenal properties (qualia) and intentionality, as the starting point for theories of mind.

  15. 15

    Dualist theories of mind

    Studies substance dualism and property dualism, including Descartes' arguments and the conceivability and knowledge arguments, with their objections.

  16. 16

    Physicalist theories of mind

    Evaluates physicalist accounts such as philosophical behaviourism, mind-brain type identity theory and eliminative materialism, and the difficulties each faces.

  17. 17

    Functionalism

    Considers the view that mental states are defined by their functional roles rather than their physical make-up, alongside problems such as qualia and the Chinese Room.

Where this subject applies

Where this subject applies

These pathways and regions are explicitly connected to the subject in the curriculum.

Pathways and specifications

  1. 01

    AS-Level

    Advanced Subsidiary — the first year of A-Level study (standalone or first half of the full A-Level).

  2. 02

    A-Level (A2)

    The full Advanced Level — AS content plus the second-year A2 content.

Official sources

Official sources

The public sources below are referenced directly by this subject or by one of its topics.

This editorial selection points to the relevant official bodies. Always confirm current requirements, dates and amendments with your school or college and the appropriate awarding organisation.

2
Public references

S·01Department for Education (DfE)GCE AS and A level subject contentOpen source↗︎S·02Ofqual-regulated awarding bodies (AQA, OCR, Pearson, WJEC/Eduqas, CCEA)Awarding-body A-Level specifications & assessment objectivesOpen source↗︎

In-depth guides

In-depth guides

G·01How to read your A-Level specificationYour specification is the contract your exam is written from. How to find the right one, read it the way an examiner does, and turn it into a checklist you can revise against.5 min read→G·02Your A-Level revision plan: an 8-week methodA realistic eight-week A-Level revision plan: an honest audit first, then subjects in rotation with active recall, and full past papers on the clock to finish.8 min read→G·03How do A-Levels work? Papers, grading and results explainedExam boards and specifications, AS and A2, assessment objectives, A* to E grading and where results come from: how A-Levels fit together — without the myths.7 min read→

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UK · EuraStudy Guides

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