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Revision·Revision / N11UK · A-Levels

Statistics

A-Level Statistics is a quantitative, applied qualification set against the Pearson Edexcel 9ST0 specification — the only current GCE A-Level dedicated to Statistics, and broader and deeper than the statistics strand embedded within A-Level Mathematics. It moves from data collection, sampling and the presentation of univariate and bivariate data, through probability and named discrete and continuous distributions (binomial, Poisson, exponential and normal), to estimation and a full toolkit of inference — parametric and non-parametric hypothesis tests, confidence intervals, contingency-table and goodness-of-fit chi-squared tests, and analysis of variance — all framed by the statistical enquiry cycle and the honest interpretation of results in real contexts.

0/89 Texts·18 Chapters·~207 min total

Continue reading — Chapter ITable of contents
LPPearson Edexcel 9ST0, Topic 3 (Paper 1)LPPearson Edexcel 9ST0, Topic 1 (Paper 1)LPPearson Edexcel 9ST0, Topic 2 (Paper 1)LPPearson Edexcel 9ST0, Topic 8 (Paper 1)LPPearson Edexcel 9ST0, Topic 4 (Paper 1)LPPearson Edexcel 9ST0, Topic 5 (Paper 1)+12 more●○○Foundation●●○Standard●●●Advanced
Table of contents · 18 ChaptersT·18
Ch. IPopulation and samples5 texts · 0 read
  • Populations, censuses and samplesText L·01 · Recommended start3 min
  • Random sampling methodsText L·023 min
  • Non-random sampling methodsText L·033 min
  • Bias and non-responseText L·043 min
  • Choosing a sampling method in contextText L·053 min
Ch. IINumerical measures, graphs and diagrams5 texts · 0 read
  • Types of data and measures of locationText L·063 min
  • Measures of spread, variance and codingText L·072 min
  • Quartiles, percentiles and outliersText L·083 min
  • Skewness and comparing distributionsText L·092 min
  • Histograms, box plots and cumulative frequency curvesText L·103 min
Ch. IIIProbability5 texts · 0 read
  • Sample spaces, events and the addition lawText L·112 min
  • Conditional probability and the multiplication lawText L·122 min
  • Independence and mutually exclusive eventsText L·132 min
  • Venn diagrams and set operationsText L·142 min
  • Tree diagrams and the law of total probabilityText L·152 min
Ch. IVBayes' theorem4 texts · 0 read
  • The law of total probabilityText L·162 min
  • Bayes' theoremText L·172 min
  • Priors, posteriors and updatingText L·182 min
  • Diagnostic testing and the base-rate effectText L·193 min
Ch. VIntroduction to probability distributions5 texts · 0 read
  • Discrete random variables and probability functionsText L·202 min
  • The cumulative distribution functionText L·212 min
  • Expectation of a discrete random variableText L·222 min
  • Variance and standard deviationText L·232 min
  • Linear transformations and the discrete uniform distributionText L·242 min
Ch. VIBinomial distribution5 texts · 0 read
  • The binomial model and its conditionsText L·253 min
  • Calculating binomial probabilitiesText L·262 min
  • Cumulative probabilities and worded phrasesText L·272 min
  • Mean and variance of the binomialText L·282 min
  • Checking the model and problem solvingText L·293 min
Ch. VIIExponential and Poisson distributions5 texts · 0 read
  • The Poisson model and its conditionsText L·302 min
  • Calculating Poisson probabilities, mean and varianceText L·312 min
  • Sums of Poisson variables and the Poisson approximation to the binomialText L·322 min
  • The exponential distribution for waiting timesText L·332 min
  • The memoryless property and the Poisson-exponential linkText L·343 min
Ch. VIIINormal distribution5 texts · 0 read
  • The normal model and its propertiesText L·352 min
  • The standard normal and standardisationText L·362 min
  • Finding probabilities under the curveText L·372 min
  • Inverse normal and finding unknown parametersText L·382 min
  • Judging the suitability of the normal modelText L·392 min
Ch. IXProbability distributions5 texts · 0 read
  • Continuous random variables and the pdfText L·402 min
  • The cumulative distribution functionText L·412 min
  • Expectation and variance of a continuous variableText L·422 min
  • The continuous uniform distributionText L·432 min
  • Combining independent random variablesText L·442 min
Ch. XCorrelation and linear regression5 texts · 0 read
  • Scatter diagrams and correlationText L·452 min
  • The product-moment correlation coefficientText L·462 min
  • Spearman's rank correlation coefficientText L·472 min
  • Least-squares regressionText L·482 min
  • Prediction, residuals and correlation versus causationText L·492 min
Ch. XIIntroduction to hypothesis testing5 texts · 0 read
  • The logic of a hypothesis testText L·503 min
  • Hypotheses, tails and significance levelsText L·512 min
  • Critical regions and the p-value approachText L·522 min
  • A test for a binomial proportionText L·533 min
  • Type I and Type II errorsText L·543 min
Ch. XIISampling, estimates and resampling5 texts · 0 read
  • The sampling distribution of the meanText L·552 min
  • The central limit theoremText L·562 min
  • Unbiased point estimatorsText L·572 min
  • The idea of a confidence intervalText L·582 min
  • Resampling and the bootstrapText L·593 min
Ch. XIIIHypothesis testing, confidence intervals and power5 texts · 0 read
  • The z-test and z-confidence interval for a meanText L·603 min
  • The t-distribution and the t-testText L·613 min
  • Two-sample and paired testsText L·623 min
  • Confidence intervals and their interpretationText L·633 min
  • The power of a testText L·643 min
Ch. XIVContingency tables5 texts · 0 read
  • Contingency tables and the test for associationText L·652 min
  • Expected frequencies under independenceText L·662 min
  • The chi-squared statistic and degrees of freedomText L·672 min
  • Yates' correction and small expected frequenciesText L·682 min
  • Carrying out and concluding the testText L·692 min
Ch. XVGoodness of fit5 texts · 0 read
  • The goodness-of-fit ideaText L·702 min
  • Expected frequencies from a specified distributionText L·712 min
  • Degrees of freedom and estimated parametersText L·722 min
  • Fitting a Poisson or binomial modelText L·732 min
  • Carrying out and concluding the testText L·743 min
Ch. XVIOne and two sample non-parametric tests5 texts · 0 read
  • Why non-parametric tests?Text L·752 min
  • The sign testText L·763 min
  • The Wilcoxon signed-rank testText L·773 min
  • The Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) testText L·783 min
  • Choosing a test and interpreting resultsText L·792 min
Ch. XVIIAnalysis of variance5 texts · 0 read
  • Comparing several meansText L·802 min
  • Partitioning the sum of squaresText L·812 min
  • The ANOVA table and the F-statisticText L·822 min
  • The F-test, assumptions and conclusionsText L·833 min
  • Effect size and interpretationText L·842 min
Ch. XVIIIExperimental design5 texts · 0 read
  • Observational studies and experimentsText L·852 min
  • Control and comparisonText L·862 min
  • Randomisation and replicationText L·873 min
  • Blocking and matched pairsText L·883 min
  • Design types, confounding and the enquiry cycleText L·893 min
Reading progress · subject
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0/89
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Recommended start
Population and samples · Ch. I
Populations, censuses and samples
Text L·01 · 3 min
Read now
Instrument · 01Recommended study order
  1. 1Population and samples
  2. 2Numerical measures, graphs and diagrams
  3. 3Probability
  4. 4Bayes' theorem
  5. 5Introduction to probability distributions
  6. 6Binomial distribution
  7. 7Exponential and Poisson distributions
  8. 8Normal distribution
  9. 9Probability distributions
  10. 10Correlation and linear regression
  11. 11Introduction to hypothesis testing
  12. 12Sampling, estimates and resampling
  13. 13Hypothesis testing, confidence intervals and power
  14. 14Contingency tables
  15. 15Goodness of fit
  16. 16One and two sample non-parametric tests
  17. 17Analysis of variance
  18. 18Experimental design
Instrument · 02Exam structure
Paper 1 — Data and Probability (Pearson Edexcel 9ST0/01)
Written examination of 2 hours, 80 marks, one third of the A-Level. Assesses the foundational content: numerical measures and statistical diagrams, probability and Bayes' theorem, populations and samples, and the introduction of probability distributions including the binomial and the normal, together with correlation and linear regression. A calculator is permitted throughout and the Pearson formulae booklet and statistical tables are provided.
Paper 2 — Statistical Inference (Pearson Edexcel 9ST0/02)
Written examination of 2 hours, 80 marks, one third of the A-Level. Assesses further probability distributions (including the Poisson and exponential models), the logic of hypothesis testing, sampling distributions and estimation, and the main body of parametric inference: one-, two- and paired-sample tests, confidence intervals and the power of a test. Emphasis falls on choosing and justifying the correct procedure and stating conclusions in context.
Paper 3 — Statistics in Practice (Pearson Edexcel 9ST0/03)
Written examination of 2 hours, 80 marks, one third of the A-Level. A synoptic, applied paper assessing contingency tables, goodness-of-fit and non-parametric tests, analysis of variance and experimental design, set within the statistical enquiry cycle. It draws on a pre-released large data set and rewards the appropriate use of technology (calculators, spreadsheets and statistical software) and clear statistical communication.
Assessment objectives, technology and grading
Across the three papers the assessment objectives are weighted approximately AO1 (select and use standard statistical techniques) 50%, AO2 (reason, interpret and communicate statistically) 25%, and AO3 (solve problems and model in real contexts, including the statistical enquiry cycle and the large data set) 25%. The qualification is linear and assumes routine use of technology; a formulae booklet with statistical tables is provided in every paper. The full A-Level is graded A*-E, with U below E.
Instrument · 03Official sources
  • Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Statistics (9ST0) SpecificationPearson Edexcel
  • GCE AS and A level subject content (Statistics)Department for Education / Ofqual

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