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Notes/Polish/Czytanie ze zrozumieniem: the four stimulus texts of Paper 1, and the lifting rule
Notes · PolishUK · A-Levels

Czytanie ze zrozumieniem: the four stimulus texts of Paper 1, and the lifting rule

Paper 1 (7687/1), Reading and writing, is the largest single component of AQA A-level Polish: two hours thirty minutes, 85 raw marks scaled by two to 170, and 42.5 per cent of the A-level. This topic owns its reading half — four stimulus texts adapted from authentic sources including online sources, worth 35 marks, together with the reading summary whose content mark (AO2) and language mark (AO3, out of five) are awarded independently. The texts may be contemporary or historical, non-fiction or literary fiction, and their content is drawn from the specification's four themes and eight sub-themes, except in the case of literary texts, whose content may legitimately fall outside them. Because the paper's other two parts — the translation into English at 10 marks and the 40-mark research-project essay — compete for the same 150 minutes, the notes treat the reading section as one block inside a whole-paper plan, and leave those two parts to the grammar-and-translation and individual-research-project topics. The five sections cover what the reading section actually sets, how to read authentic Polish prose whose case endings rather than word order carry the grammar, what each question type wants, the lifting rule that decides whether a correct answer scores, and the triage and timing that make a plan survive the room. There is no speaking assessment anywhere in this qualification — its title is A-level Polish (Listening, Reading, Writing) — so everything understood here is proved in writing. No dictionary is permitted in any paper.

5 sections·~49 min reading time·4 competencies·Level Standard 2 · Advanced 3

T·0999 / 13
Exam profile
AO2 · Understand written Polish from a range of authentic sources, contemporary, historical and literary, and respond in writingAO2 · Infer meaning from complex written material, including abstract content such as opinions, views, emotional reactions and personal experiencesAO3 · Summarise in Polish in full sentences and in your own words, manipulating the language accurately under time pressureAO4 · Draw on knowledge of Polish society and culture to make sense of the themes the stimulus texts are drawn from
Operators:przeczytaćzrozumiećwywnioskowaćstreścićprzeformułowaćuzasadnićporównaćsprawdzić

basic level

In the first year the expectation is understanding of main points and clear detail in adapted texts on familiar sub-themes, together with short answers in Polish that come back in the case the question's own verb governs. Build two habits early: read a text once for shape before looking at any question, and check every international-looking word — aktualny, ewentualnie, sympatyczny — against its real meaning rather than against its resemblance to English.

higher level

The full A-level expects inference from complex material, recognition of attitude and register, and a summary written in the student's own Polish that satisfies a content grid and a language grid at the same time. That means reading concessives and evidentials as signals rather than as connectives, distinguishing a view held from a view reported, and parsing formal Polish built out of impersonals, participles and genitive chains. It means rephrasing accurately enough that the AO3 grid has complex language to reward, rather than retreating into short safe clauses. And it means running the whole 150 minutes to a plan, because the reading section shares the paper with a translation and with the single largest block of marks in the component.

Depth

Reading depth: In depth

Text

Text size: Standard

Contents · 5 sections▾
  1. Czytanie ze zrozumieniem: the four stimulus texts of Paper 1, and the lifting rule
    • 01Cztery teksty: what Paper 1's reading section actually sets◐
    • 02Czytać po polsku: reading strategy for authentic Polish prose●
    • 03Typy pytań: question types and what each one wants◐
    • 04Przepisywanie a streszczanie: the lifting rule, and answering in your own Polish●
    • 05Exam technique: triage, timing and the 2 h 30 budget●
§ 01

Cztery teksty: what Paper 1's reading section actually sets#

●●○StandardLPAQA 7687 section 4.4 Paper 1: Reading and writing - 2 hours 30 minutes, 85 raw marks, 42.5 per cent of the A-levelLPAQA 7687 section 4.4.1 Reading and responding - four stimulus texts adapted from authentic sources, including online sources

Cztery tematy, osiem podtematów

Cztery tematy, osiem podtematówProbability tree, 8 paths, Data: trendy → polska rodzina; trendy → świat cyfrowy; problemy → różnorodność; problemy → emigracja; kultura → święta i tradycje; kultura → życie kulturalne; polityka → Polska i UE; polityka → młodzi a politykatrendyproblemykulturapolitykacztery tematypolska rodzinaświat cyfrowyróżnorodnośćemigracjaświęta i tradycjeżycie kulturalnePolska i UEmłodzi a polityka
Fig. 1The universe the four stimulus texts of Paper 1 are drawn from: four themes, each carrying exactly two sub-themes, and each sub-theme carrying three bullet aspects. The trendy branch is emphasised because its two sub-themes, the Polish family and the digital world, are where most contemporary online-sourced journalism sits, and the specification requires the texts to be adapted from authentic sources including online sources. Literary texts are the one exception to this map: their content may legitimately fall outside it.

Key points

Paper 1 is the largest single component of AQA 7687. It runs for two hours thirty minutes, carries 85 raw marks which are scaled by two to 170, and is worth 42.5 per cent of the A-level. Three compulsory parts share those 150 minutes: reading and responding to four stimulus texts for 35 marks, a translation from Polish into English of a passage of at least 100 words for 10 marks, and a 40-mark essay of about 300 words on the individual research project. This topic owns the first of the three. The translation belongs in detail to the grammar-and-translation notes and the essay to the individual-research-project notes, but all three compete for one clock, and no plan for the reading section is worth anything until it is a plan for the whole paper.
The specification describes the four texts with unusual precision, and every clause of the description is load-bearing. They are adapted from authentic sources, including online sources. They may include contemporary and historical material. They may cover non-fiction and literary fiction, and material based on literature. Their content is based on the specification's themes and sub-themes — except in the case of literary texts, where the content may legitimately fall outside them. That exception matters more than its single sentence suggests. For a non-fiction text you can predict the vocabulary field before reading a word, because the text has to belong somewhere on a map of four themes and eight sub-themes. For a literary text you cannot; you arrive without scaffolding, and the compensating skill is the ability to read a Polish narrative sentence cold.
The question profile is set out just as precisely. Questions target main points, gist and detail. They require either non-verbal responses or responses in Polish. They include the need to infer meaning, and they include abstract material such as opinions, views, emotional reactions and personal experiences. One of them is a summary, written in Polish in full sentences and in the student's own words as far as possible, with marks awarded for the quality of the Polish used. Two facts follow. Every question is set in Polish, so reading the rubric is itself a reading test. And there is no speaking assessment anywhere in this qualification — its title is A-level Polish (Listening, Reading, Writing) — so everything you understand is proved in writing and nothing is ever proved by talking about it.
The theme map is therefore a preparation instrument, not a decoration, and the figure below sets it out. Four themes, eight sub-themes, twenty-four bullet aspects: the Polish family (changing roles within the family, the generation gap, traditional and modern values) and the digital world in Poland (the internet in daily life, social media's benefits and dangers, the digitalisation of Polish society); social diversity and mobility (education and career choices, people on the margins of society, tolerance and respect) and the impact of emigration (reasons for emigration, advantages and disadvantages for Polish society, attitudes within Poland to migration); festivals and traditions (roots and origins, social and economic impact, regional and local heritage) and Polish cultural life (cinema, art, music); Poland and the European Union (Poland's role in Europe, the benefits of membership, the challenges) and Polish politics and young people (engagement with politics, priorities for youth politics, values and ideals). Learn the map as a set of vocabulary fields, not as a list of headings.
Worked example

Reading a literary stimulus text, where the theme map does not help

One of the four stimulus texts is a literary extract. Here is a practice extract written for these notes — it is not taken from any published work and no dated past paper is being reproduced: „Nie weszła od razu. Stanęła przed progiem, jakby to nie był już jej dom. Klucz obracał się w zamku z trudem — od dwudziestu lat nikt go nie przekręcał. W środku pachniało wapnem i kurzem, a na ścianie w kuchni wciąż wisiał kalendarz z tysiąc dziewięćset dziewięćdziesiątego ósmego roku.” The question, worth two marks and carrying no AO3 marks, is: Dlaczego bohaterka nie wchodzi od razu do domu?

  1. 01Read for shape, and register what kind of text this is

    The first pass is not for the question. Read the four sentences straight through and settle what kind of writing this is: past-tense narrative, a single female protagonist, an interior point of view, and a house being re-entered after a long absence. Note the register — short sentences, no abstract nouns, one dash — and note the absence of anything thematic. This is a literary text, so the specification's exception applies: its content may fall outside the themes and sub-themes, and there is no vocabulary field to predict from. What you have instead is narrative detail, and on a literary extract narrative detail is the evidence.

  2. 02Read what the question actually asks

    Dlaczego bohaterka nie wchodzi od razu do domu? asks for a cause. That is a specific demand, and the text nowhere states one — there is no ponieważ, no bo, no dlatego. So this is an inference question and the answer has to be built rather than located. Note also what the question does not ask. It does not ask what she does, so an answer reporting Stanęła przed progiem answers a different question. Under the specification's own rule, lifting an element from the original that does not match the phrasing of the question set forfeits the mark even when it is perfectly true.

  3. 03Collect the evidence: three details and a comparison

    Three things carry the meaning. The comparison jakby to nie był już jej dom says the house has stopped being hers — jakby takes the past form to build its conditional, and to nie był keeps its predicate in the nominative because the identifying to construction is not subject to the genitive of negation. The stiff key and od dwudziestu lat nikt go nie przekręcał establish the length of the absence, with go in the genitive after a negated verb. And the calendar still hanging from tysiąc dziewięćset dziewięćdziesiątego ósmego roku says the interior has stopped in the past. Three details, one conclusion.

  4. 04Decide whether to lift

    This question carries no AO3 marks, so words from the text may be reused without rephrasing. The test is therefore not whether reuse is allowed but whether the reused words answer what was asked. Jakby to nie był już jej dom is close to the answer, but it is a comparison rather than a cause; dropped in on its own it describes instead of explaining. So build a because-frame of your own and let the text's detail sit inside it as evidence. That combination — your causal structure, the text's detail — satisfies both halves of the rule, and it is the safest habit on any inference question.

  5. 05Write it, then check the Polish

    Write one sentence carrying a cause and its support: Nie wchodzi od razu, ponieważ dom przestał być dla niej domem: nikt nie otwierał go od dwudziestu lat, a wszystko w środku zatrzymało się w przeszłości. Check the grammar as you go. Przestać takes an infinitive, and the predicate after być goes into the instrumental, hence domem. Otwierać is negated, so its object is genitive, go. Zatrzymało się is neuter to agree with wszystko. And w przeszłości is locative after w. One clause of cause, one of evidence, nothing else added.

Result: Nie wchodzi od razu, ponieważ dom przestał być dla niej domem: nikt nie otwierał go od dwudziestu lat, a wszystko w środku zatrzymało się w przeszłości. Metoda: w tekście literackim nie ma mapy tematów, więc dowodem jest szczegół narracyjny; pytanie „dlaczego” wymaga przyczyny, a nie opisu; przepisanie zdania z tekstu jest dozwolone, ale tylko wtedy, gdy przepisane słowa naprawdę odpowiadają na postawione pytanie.

Exam focus

  • Know the shape of the whole paper before planning the reading section: 35 marks of reading, 10 of translation into English and 40 for the research-project essay share the same 150 minutes (AO2).
  • Expect a literary text whose content sits outside the themes, and prepare for it separately — there is no thematic scaffolding to lean on (AO2).
  • Learn the eight sub-themes as vocabulary fields, because on a non-fiction text the theme predicts the lexis before you have read a sentence (AO4).
  • Read the Polish rubric properly, including the rubric of a non-verbal question: it names the response type and, in the summary, the bullet points that define the content (AO2).

Typical mistakes

  • Planning the reading section in isolation. It shares 150 minutes with a translation and a 40-mark essay, and the essay is what suffers when the plan fails.
  • Assuming every text maps onto a sub-theme. Literary texts are explicitly exempt, and hunting for a theme that is not there wastes the first two minutes.
  • Treating the reading marks as the paper's centre of gravity. They are 35 of 85; the research-project essay alone is worth more.
  • Preparing only on contemporary journalism. The specification allows historical material and literary fiction as well.
  • Skimming the rubric to reach the text. Every question is set in Polish, and the rubric is where the summary's bullet points live.

Active revision

Wybierz cztery autentyczne teksty po polsku: jeden reportaż, jeden artykuł publicystyczny, jeden wywiad i jeden fragment prozy literackiej. Do każdego przypisz temat i podtemat ze specyfikacji, a przy tekście literackim zapisz uczciwie, że jego treść może wykraczać poza tematy. Następnie ułóż do każdego tekstu po trzy pytania: jedno o szczegół, jedno wymagające wnioskowania i jedno o opinię autora lub autorki.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: AQA A-level Polish (Listening, Reading, Writing) 7687 specification (AQA)

§ 02

Czytać po polsku: reading strategy for authentic Polish prose#

●●●AdvancedLPAQA 7687 sections 3.3.1 and 3.3.11 Grammar - declension and cases; flexibility of word order depending on semantic emphasisLPAQA 7687 section 3.3.5 Grammar - impersonal forms, adjectival and adverbial participles, prefixes as a grammatical or lexical amendment

Key points

Polish is heavily inflected, and the consequence for a reader is that word order does not tell you who is doing what. The case ending does. Wyniki badania zaskoczyły studentów and Studentów zaskoczyły wyniki badania mean exactly the same thing — the results of the study surprised the students — because wyniki is nominative in both and studentów accusative in both. Only the emphasis has moved. A reader trained on English, where the first noun phrase is the subject, reads the second sentence backwards. The specification lists flexibility of word order depending on semantic emphasis in its own grammar section, and adapted journalism uses it constantly, usually to front whatever is under discussion. So the ending is the parser. A reader who skims endings is not reading Polish but guessing at it from vocabulary, and the guess fails on exactly the sentences the questions are built from.
Two features of formal Polish prose then make individual sentences long. The first is the nominal chain in the genitive: rozwój systemu opieki zdrowotnej, the development of the health-care system, is four words in which everything after the first is genitive and each element depends on the one before it. Read such a chain from the left, take the first noun as the head, and treat the rest as one long modifier; do not translate word by word. The second is the impersonal register the specification lists explicitly. Mówiono o tym od lat means the matter had been discussed for years and names no agent at all; zwiększono nakłady means the funding was increased, again by nobody named. The -no and -to forms are past, impersonal, and cannot take a subject, which is precisely why official Polish is so fond of them.
Participles do the same compressing work. Rosnąca liczba młodych Polaków wyjeżdżających za granicę packs an English relative clause into one word: the growing number of young Poles who are going abroad. Learn the four types the specification names — the adjectival present in -ący (czekający, waiting), the adjectival passive in -ny or -ty (napisany, written), the adverbial present in -ąc (czekając, while waiting) and the adverbial past in -wszy (wziąwszy, having taken). Prefixed verbs are the next trap, because the base is recognisable and the meaning is not. From pisać, to write, Polish builds podpisać (to sign), zapisać (to write down, or to enrol), przepisać (to copy out, and also to prescribe) and wypisać (to write out, or to discharge from hospital). Recognising pisać inside przepisać and reading to write is a real error, not a near miss.
Relative clauses with który are the last structural difficulty, and one rule unlocks them: który takes its gender and number from the noun it refers back to, but its case from its own clause. In tekst, o którym mowa, the ending is locative because o governs the locative there, not because tekst is anything in particular. Then come the false friends, which are worse in Polish than in most languages because so many of them look like international words: aktualny means current, not actual; ewentualnie means possibly or if need be, not eventually; sympatyczny means likeable; dywan is a carpet; kolej is a railway; hazard is gambling; paragon is a till receipt; ordynarny means coarse or vulgar. The working routine follows from all of this. Read the whole text once for shape without stopping. Re-read for the questions. And when a sentence resists, find the finite verb first, then its subject in the nominative, then attach everything else.
Worked example

Parsing a formal Polish sentence with the fixed routine

A stimulus text adapted from Polish press writing contains this sentence: Rosnącą liczbę młodych ludzi wyjeżdżających z mniejszych miast tłumaczy się brakiem stabilnej pracy, o którym mówiono w raportach już dziesięć lat temu. Parse it with the fixed routine and render it in English.

  1. 01Find the finite verb before anything else

    Do not start at the left. Scan for the one word carrying person, number and tense: tłumaczy się. It is third person singular present, and the się is not reflexive here — tłumaczy się is the impersonal construction meaning it is explained, or people explain. Recognising that in the first two seconds tells you two things at once. There will be no named agent anywhere in the sentence, so stop looking for one. And the accusative object of the underlying verb stays accusative in this construction, which is why the sentence can open with an accusative noun phrase and still be perfectly well formed.

  2. 02Look for a nominative subject and find that there is none

    The routine now asks for the subject in the nominative. Test the opening phrase, Rosnącą liczbę. Liczba is feminine: its nominative is liczba and its accusative liczbę, while rosnąca is the nominative of the participle and rosnącą its accusative. Both words are accusative, so this is the object, fronted to the head of the sentence for emphasis exactly as the specification's syntax entry describes. An English-trained reader takes it for the subject and reads the sentence inside out. One letter decided the matter, which is the whole argument for reading endings rather than positions.

  3. 03Unpack the genitive chain hanging off the object

    Everything between liczbę and tłumaczy się modifies liczbę and is genitive plural: młodych ludzi wyjeżdżających z mniejszych miast. Ludzi is the genitive plural of ludzie, quantified by liczba; młodych agrees with it; wyjeżdżających is the adjectival present participle, also genitive plural, agreeing with ludzi and carrying an entire English relative clause inside one word — who are leaving. Z mniejszych miast is genitive plural after z. Read the chain as a single block: the growing number of young people leaving smaller towns. Nine Polish words, one noun phrase, and no finite verb anywhere inside it.

  4. 04Identify the instrumental and read it as the by-what

    Brakiem stabilnej pracy is instrumental followed by genitive: brak becomes brakiem, and stabilnej pracy is the genitive of stabilna praca depending on it. The underlying verb tłumaczyć coś czymś means to explain something by something, so the instrumental supplies the explanation: by the lack of stable work. This is the pattern to internalise. In an impersonal się construction the accusative is what is being explained and the instrumental is what explains it, and neither of them is a subject. Polish official prose builds thousands of sentences on exactly this frame.

  5. 05Attach the który clause by its own case

    O którym mówiono w raportach: którym is masculine singular locative. Its gender and number point back to brak, which is masculine singular — not to praca, which is feminine, and not to liczbę, which is feminine too. Its case comes from o, which governs the locative in this meaning. Mówiono is the impersonal past, so the clause means which was discussed in reports, with no agent named, and już dziesięć lat temu means as long as ten years ago. Two impersonals in a single sentence is entirely ordinary in this register.

  6. 06Render it, and restate the routine

    The growing number of young people leaving smaller towns is put down to the lack of stable work, which reports were already discussing ten years ago. Note what English has to add: an agent-free passive for each Polish impersonal, and a full relative clause for the participle. The routine that got there was fixed and repeatable — finite verb first, then a search for a nominative subject, then the chain, then the instrumental, then the relative clause by its own case. Applied to five sentences a day for a term, it stops being a routine and becomes reading.

Result: Tłumaczenie: The growing number of young people leaving smaller towns is put down to the lack of stable work, which reports were already discussing ten years ago. Procedura: najpierw czasownik osobowy (tłumaczy się — forma bezosobowa), potem podmiot w mianowniku (nie ma go), potem łańcuch rzeczowników w dopełniaczu (młodych ludzi wyjeżdżających z mniejszych miast), potem narzędnik jako przyczyna (brakiem stabilnej pracy), a na końcu zdanie podrzędne z „który”, którego przypadek wynika z jego własnego zdania (o którym — miejscownik po przyimku „o”).

Exam focus

  • Read the ending, not the position: Polish fronts whatever is under discussion, and the first noun phrase in a sentence is very often not its subject (AO2).
  • Learn the impersonal -no and -to forms and the four participles by sight, because adapted journalism is largely built out of them (AO2).
  • Parse a hard sentence in a fixed order — finite verb, then nominative subject, then the rest — instead of translating from left to right (AO2).
  • Check the international-looking words: aktualny, ewentualnie, sympatyczny, dywan, kolej and hazard all mean something other than what they resemble (AO3).

Typical mistakes

  • Reading the first noun phrase as the subject. Studentów zaskoczyły wyniki badania has its subject in third position.
  • Translating a genitive chain word by word instead of taking the first noun as the head and the rest as one modifier.
  • Hunting for a subject in an impersonal sentence. Mówiono and zwiększono have none and cannot be given one.
  • Reading a prefixed verb as its base. Przepisać is not pisać, and podpisać is not either.
  • Trusting an international-looking word. Aktualny means current, and it appears in almost every press text.
  • Stopping at the first unknown word on the first pass. The first pass is for shape, and most unknown words are recoverable from the second.

Active revision

Znajdź w polskim tekście prasowym pięć zdań dłuższych niż dwadzieścia wyrazów. Każde rozłóż według stałej procedury: najpierw podkreśl czasownik osobowy, potem znajdź jego podmiot w mianowniku, a na końcu przypisz rolę pozostałym grupom wyrazów. Zapisz, które zdanie sprawiło najwięcej trudności i dlaczego: łańcuch rzeczowników w dopełniaczu, imiesłów, forma bezosobowa czy zdanie podrzędne z „który”.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

§ 03

Typy pytań: question types and what each one wants#

●●○StandardLPAQA 7687 section 4.4.1 Reading and responding - questions target main points, gist and detail and require either non-verbal responses or responses in PolishLPAQA 7687 section 4.4.1 - questions include the need to infer meaning and abstract material such as opinions, views, emotional reactions and personal experiences

Key points

Non-verbal responses are the first of the two answer types, and they are easier to lose marks on than students expect. A non-verbal question asks you to tick, match, choose, order or complete a grid — no Polish is written, so no AO3 marks attach to it — but the rubric and the options are still in Polish, and the distractors are built deliberately. The commonest design takes a phrase that genuinely appears in the text and files it under the wrong heading, so a reader who recognises the words and stops there chooses it. Two habits defend against this. Read all the options before returning to the text, because the options themselves reveal what distinction is being tested. And check a true-or-false item against the exact proposition rather than the topic: Starsi Polacy korzystają z internetu rzadziej niż kiedyś is false in a text that says coraz częściej, and the only difference is one adverb.
Short answers in Polish are the second type, and the governing principle is that the answer must match the question's own interrogative. Dlaczego needs a cause, and therefore a clause with ponieważ or bo, or z powodu with the genitive. W jaki sposób needs a manner. Po co needs a purpose, which Polish builds with żeby plus either an infinitive or a past-tense form. Czym różni się X od Y needs both terms present in the answer, not one. Na czym polega ta zmiana asks what the change consists in and expects polega na with the locative coming back. And give only what is asked. The specification's assessment rule withholds the content mark from an answer that includes irrelevant material, so padding a correct answer with a second sentence is not neutral — it can cost the mark you had already earned.
Inference questions are named in the specification and they are the ones that separate candidates. An inference question has an answer the text licenses but does not state, and the signals are lexical. Concessives — choć, chociaż, mimo że, wprawdzie … ale — tell you the writer is conceding a point in order to overturn it, so the claim actually held sits in the second half. Evidentials — podobno, rzekomo, jak twierdzi, według, zdaniem — tell you the writer is reporting rather than asserting, and an answer that credits the reported claim to the writer has misread the passage. Diminutives, inverted commas and niby carry irony. The question wordings to recognise are Co sugeruje autorka, pisząc, że …?, Jaki jest stosunek autora do …? and Dlaczego autor używa słowa …? — none of which can be answered by copying a sentence out.
Abstract material is the fourth thing the specification names: opinions, views, emotional reactions and personal experiences. Answering it needs a small stock of Polish that ordinary reading practice never builds. For attitude: stosunek do with the genitive, postawa wobec with the genitive, odnosić się do czegoś krytycznie, być sceptycznym wobec czegoś. For emotion: z niepokojem, z ulgą, z dumą, z żalem, z rozczarowaniem, all instrumental. For hedged evaluation: ostrożny optymizm, mieszane uczucia, jest to raczej … niż … . And for the distinction that matters most, between a view held and a view reported: autorka uważa, że … against zdaniem krytyków … . A question about someone's attitude is answered with an evaluative word and then its evidence, in that order, and never with a paraphrase of what they said.
Worked example

Four question types on one short text

Practice material written for these notes, not reproduced from any past paper. The text: „W wielu polskich domach telefon jest dziś jedynym przedmiotem, którego używają wszyscy — od babci po siedmiolatka. Rodzice, którzy dwadzieścia lat temu uczyli dzieci obsługi komputera, dziś częściej proszą dzieci o pomoc. Cytowana w artykule socjolożka twierdzi jednak, że nie jest to żadna rewolucja: młodsi zawsze uczyli się nowych narzędzi szybciej, a nowe jest tylko tempo. Badania pokazują wprawdzie, że starsi Polacy korzystają z internetu coraz częściej, ale to wnuki wciąż zakładają babciom konta.” The questions: (1) Prawda czy fałsz — (a) Starsi Polacy korzystają z internetu rzadziej niż kiedyś; (b) Dwadzieścia lat temu to rodzice uczyli dzieci obsługi komputera; (c) Socjolożka uważa, że mamy do czynienia z rewolucją. (2) Czego rodzice uczyli dzieci dwadzieścia lat temu? (3) Co sugeruje ostatnie zdanie o samodzielności starszych użytkowników internetu? (4) Jaki jest stosunek cytowanej socjolożki do opisywanej zmiany?

  1. 01Classify the four questions before answering any of them

    Thirty seconds spent labelling the questions changes the way you read. Question one is a true-or-false grid: non-verbal, no Polish written, no AO3 marks. Question two asks for a specific piece of information in Polish. Question three asks what the final sentence suggests, which is inference. Question four asks about the attitude of a person quoted in the text, which is abstract material of exactly the kind the specification names. Two of the four therefore cannot be answered by locating a sentence, and knowing that before you read means you read for relations between sentences rather than for isolated facts.

  2. 02Question one, and the distractor built from the text's own words

    Statement (a), Starsi Polacy korzystają z internetu rzadziej niż kiedyś, is false: the text says coraz częściej, and the whole item turns on one adverb. Statement (b), Dwadzieścia lat temu to rodzice uczyli dzieci obsługi komputera, is true and is stated almost verbatim — note uczyć kogoś czegoś, an accusative person and a genitive thing, which is why the text has dzieci obsługi and not dzieci obsługę. Statement (c), Socjolożka uważa, że mamy do czynienia z rewolucją, is false and is the designed trap: every content word in it appears in the text, but the text says nie jest to żadna rewolucja.

  3. 03Question two, and the decision to lift

    Czego rodzice uczyli dzieci dwadzieścia lat temu? The interrogative is czego, genitive, because uczyć governs the genitive of the thing taught, and the answer has to come back in the genitive: obsługi komputera. This question carries no AO3 marks, so the specification allows the words of the text to be used without rephrasing, and here the natural answer simply is the text's phrase. Lift it. Adding a further clause about what parents do now would be irrelevant material under the same rule and would put at risk the mark you had. Two words, the right case, nothing else.

  4. 04Question three, an inference from the final sentence

    Co sugeruje ostatnie zdanie o samodzielności starszych użytkowników internetu? The sentence is ale to wnuki wciąż zakładają babciom konta, and the inference lives in three words. Ale marks the reversal set up by wprawdzie. To fronts wnuki as the ones who really act. And wciąż means still, so the situation has not changed. The text never says older users are dependent; it shows it. Answer: Sugeruje, że wzrost jest tylko częściowo samodzielny — babcie korzystają z internetu, ale konta zakłada im młodsze pokolenie. Note zakłada im, dative, because zakładać komuś coś takes a dative person.

  5. 05Question four, attitude, and the attribution trap

    Jaki jest stosunek cytowanej socjolożki do opisywanej zmiany? Two things have to be right. The attitude must be named rather than narrated: she is sceptical about the word rewolucja, and jest sceptyczna wobec is the natural frame, with wobec governing the genitive. And the view must stay attributed to her — the text reports it with twierdzi, so an answer beginning Zmieniło się tylko tempo states as fact what the passage attributes. Write: Jest sceptyczna wobec słowa „rewolucja”: jej zdaniem zmieniło się tylko tempo, a nie sam mechanizm. Attitude first, evidence second, attribution intact.

Result: Odpowiedzi: (1) a — fałsz; b — prawda; c — fałsz. (2) Obsługi komputera. (3) Sugeruje, że wzrost jest tylko częściowo samodzielny: babcie korzystają z internetu, ale konta zakłada im młodsze pokolenie. (4) Jest sceptyczna wobec słowa „rewolucja”: jej zdaniem zmieniło się tylko tempo, a nie sam mechanizm. Zasada: pytanie niewerbalne sprawdza jedno słowo, a nie temat; przy pytaniu bez punktów za język wolno przepisać słowa z tekstu, jeśli naprawdę odpowiadają na pytanie; przy wnioskowaniu i przy pytaniu o postawę gotowej odpowiedzi w tekście nie ma — jest tylko dowód.

Exam focus

  • Read every option in a non-verbal question before going back to the text; the options define the distinction being tested (AO2).
  • Answer the interrogative that was asked — dlaczego a cause, w jaki sposób a manner, czym różni się both of the two terms (AO2).
  • Read the concessives and the evidentials, because an inference answer usually sits immediately after choć, wprawdzie, zdaniem or podobno (AO2).
  • Build an attitude vocabulary — stosunek do, postawa wobec, sceptyczny, ostrożny optymizm — so that abstract questions can be answered at all (AO3).

Typical mistakes

  • Choosing the distractor that reuses the text's own words under the wrong heading; that is the standard design of a non-verbal item.
  • Answering dlaczego with a fact instead of a cause, or czym różni się with only one of the two terms.
  • Adding a second sentence for safety. Irrelevant material withdraws the content mark rather than being quietly ignored.
  • Attributing a reported view to the author. Zdaniem ekspertów and autorka uważa are two different claims.
  • Answering an attitude question by summarising the content instead of naming the attitude and then supporting it.

Active revision

Weź jeden artykuł po polsku i napisz do niego pięć pytań w stylu egzaminacyjnym: jedno z odpowiedzią niewerbalną (dopasowanie akapitu do nagłówka), dwa krótkie pytania o konkretną informację, jedno pytanie o wnioskowanie („Co sugeruje autorka, pisząc, że…?”) i jedno o postawę („Jaki jest stosunek autora do…?”). Potem odpowiedz na nie po polsku i sprawdź, czy w każdej odpowiedzi jest dokładnie tyle informacji, ile wymaga pytanie — ani mniej, ani więcej.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

§ 04

Przepisywanie a streszczanie: the lifting rule, and answering in your own Polish#

●●●AdvancedLPAQA 7687 section 4.4.2 Assessment - summary content (AO2) and language (AO3) awarded independently; the first natural break between 90 and 100 wordsLPAQA 7687 section 4.4.2 - lifted language is not eligible for credit when the AO3 mark is awarded; comprehension questions with no AO3 marks may reuse the text's own words

Key points

The specification prints two different rules about using the text's own words, and knowing which one is in force is worth several marks a paper. In the summary question, content and language are marked independently: the content mark is AO2, the language mark is AO3 out of five. The AO2 mark is awarded for a content point that contains the required information regardless of whether it is in the student's own words or partly or wholly lifted from the text. But no AO2 mark is awarded for a content point where the answer includes irrelevant material or copies inappropriately from the stimulus — the specification's own example is lifting an element from the original which does not match the phrasing of the bullet point. And lifted language is never eligible for credit when the AO3 mark is awarded. Content can survive a lift; language cannot.
The second rule governs the comprehension questions that carry no AO3 marks. There, where the natural answer to a question consists entirely or partly of words or phrases from the text, students may use that material without rephrasing it, and minor spelling errors which do not distort the meaning are tolerated. The same withholding still applies, though: the mark is refused for an answer that includes irrelevant material, or that lifts an element which does not match the phrasing of the question set. So the rule a student can carry into the room is one sentence long. Rephrase when the question carries a language mark; lift when it does not, provided the lifted words genuinely answer what was asked. The second clause is where candidates go wrong — they lift a phrase that is nearby and true rather than one that answers the question.
Rephrasing in Polish is a technique rather than an act of inspiration, and five moves cover almost everything. Change the part of speech: bezrobocie rośnie becomes wzrost bezrobocia, and młodzi wyjeżdżają becomes wyjazdy młodych. Generalise the noun: Facebook i Instagram becomes portale społecznościowe. Switch to the impersonal, which the grammar list requires you to know in any case: rząd zwiększył nakłady becomes zwiększono nakłady. Substitute a superordinate or a near synonym: emigracja zarobkowa becomes wyjazdy za pracą. And change the connector: dlatego becomes w rezultacie or w związku z tym. A handful of reporting frames finishes the job, and they are your own language by definition: Z tekstu wynika, że … ; Autor zwraca uwagę na … ; Problem polega na tym, że … ; Z jednej strony … , z drugiej … .
Then the arithmetic. A long summary is marked for content or language only until the first natural break — usually the end of a sentence or a main clause — between ninety and one hundred words, so everything after that point is invisible whatever it contains. Short summaries carry no automatic penalty, but they are self-penalising, because they cannot hold all the content points. With five or six points to make inside a hundred words, each point gets roughly fifteen to eighteen words: one clause. Write full sentences, but short ones. And read the AO3 grid honestly. Its top band asks for language that is mainly accurate with only occasional minor errors, and for a student who can manipulate complex language accurately where the task requires it. A summary of six flawless simple clauses is accurate and unambitious, and it caps below the top.
Worked example

A summary question built to 90-100 words, with the marks tracked separately

Practice material written for these notes, not reproduced from any past paper. The stimulus text: „Po dwa tysiące czwartym roku wyjazdy zarobkowe z Polski stały się zjawiskiem masowym. Najczęściej wyjeżdżali ludzie młodzi, z wykształceniem średnim lub wyższym, przede wszystkim z mniejszych miejscowości. Dla wielu rodzin przekazy pieniężne od bliskich za granicą były przez lata ważnym źródłem utrzymania, a część emigrantów po powrocie założyła własne firmy. Jednocześnie w niektórych powiatach ubyło osób w wieku produkcyjnym, a szpitale i szkoły miały trudności ze znalezieniem pracowników. W ostatnich latach kierunek ruchu zaczął się zmieniać: Polska stała się także krajem, do którego przyjeżdżają pracownicy z zagranicy, co postawiło przed samorządami zupełnie nowe zadania. Dziś dyskutuje się już nie o tym, czy wyjeżdżać, lecz o tym, jak zatrzymać w kraju tych, którzy wrócili.” The question: Streść tekst po polsku, uwzględniając: kto wyjeżdżał z Polski po 2004 roku; jakie skutki miała emigracja dla polskiego społeczeństwa; na czym polega zmiana ostatnich lat.

  1. 01Turn the bullet points into a word budget

    The three bullets are the mark scheme's own skeleton: who left Poland after 2004, what effects emigration had on Polish society, and what the change of recent years consists in. Count the content points they imply — probably two under the first bullet, three under the second, one or two under the third, so five or six in total. Then divide. Five or six points inside a hundred words is fifteen to eighteen words each, which is one clause each. That number settles the style before a word is written: full sentences but short ones, and no more than two or three reporting frames in the whole answer, because frames cost words that content points need.

  2. 02Harvest against the bullets, and discard what matches none

    Go through the text once, writing each fact beside the bullet it serves. Bullet one takes young, educated, from smaller towns. Bullet two takes remittances supporting families, returnees founding firms, and the shortage of working-age people in hospitals and schools. Bullet three takes the reversal of direction and the new tasks for local authorities. Now look at what is left over — the observation about what the public discussion is now about. It is interesting and it belongs to no bullet, so it either serves bullet three or it is cut. Under the specification's rule, irrelevant material does not sit harmlessly beside a content point; it withdraws it.

  3. 03See exactly what a lift costs, on one content point

    Take the remittances point. Lifted, it reads: Przekazy pieniężne od bliskich za granicą były przez lata ważnym źródłem utrzymania. It contains the required information and it matches the second bullet, so under the specification's rule it earns the AO2 content point in full. But not one word of it can count towards the AO3 mark out of five, because lifted language is not eligible for credit there. Reformulated, it reads: pieniądze przysyłane przez bliskich utrzymywały wiele rodzin. The same content point, and now a passive participle, a przez phrase and a finite verb are all yours. Identical content mark, entirely different language mark.

  4. 04See the lift that scores nothing at all

    Now the failure case the specification actually prints. Suppose that under the second bullet, what effects emigration had, a candidate lifts Dziś dyskutuje się już nie o tym, czy wyjeżdżać. The sentence is in the text and it is perfectly comprehensible. But it is about the present debate, not about the effects on Polish society, so it is an element lifted from the original which does not match the phrasing of the bullet point — the specification's own worked example — and no content mark is awarded for it. It is also lifted, so it cannot help the language mark either. That is the one combination that scores nothing twice.

  5. 05Assemble in full sentences and count to the band

    Four sentences, ninety-two words, every bullet served, and the last full stop comfortably inside the band. Z tekstu wynika, że po dwa tysiące czwartym roku Polskę opuszczali przede wszystkim ludzie młodzi i dobrze wykształceni, najczęściej pochodzący z mniejszych miejscowości. Skutki emigracji były dwojakie: pieniądze przysyłane przez bliskich utrzymywały wiele rodzin, a część powracających zakładała własne firmy, lecz w niektórych powiatach zabrakło rąk do pracy w szpitalach i szkołach. Ostatnio kierunek ruchu się odwrócił: do Polski przyjeżdżają dziś pracownicy z innych krajów, co stawia przed władzami lokalnymi zupełnie nowe zadania. Dlatego publiczna dyskusja dotyczy obecnie nie tyle samego wyjazdu, ile sposobów zatrzymania w kraju tych, którzy zdecydowali się wrócić.

  6. 06Check the language, because the AO3 mark is a separate mark

    Read the summary once more as language only. Case after prepositions: po … roku locative, z mniejszych miejscowości genitive, przez bliskich accusative, w powiatach and w szpitalach locative, przed władzami instrumental. Aspect: opuszczali, utrzymywały and zakładała are imperfective for extended or repeated situations, while odwrócił się and zdecydowali się are perfective for completed ones. Agreement: część is feminine singular, so zakładała and not zakładali. Then look for the complex structures the AO3 grid rewards — here the passive participle przysyłane, the impersonal zabrakło with its genitive, and the correlative nie tyle … ile. Diacritics last: every ą, ę, ó, ł, ś, ż and ź checked one by one.

Result: Streszczenie (92 wyrazy): Z tekstu wynika, że po dwa tysiące czwartym roku Polskę opuszczali przede wszystkim ludzie młodzi i dobrze wykształceni, najczęściej pochodzący z mniejszych miejscowości. Skutki emigracji były dwojakie: pieniądze przysyłane przez bliskich utrzymywały wiele rodzin, a część powracających zakładała własne firmy, lecz w niektórych powiatach zabrakło rąk do pracy w szpitalach i szkołach. Ostatnio kierunek ruchu się odwrócił: do Polski przyjeżdżają dziś pracownicy z innych krajów, co stawia przed władzami lokalnymi zupełnie nowe zadania. Dlatego publiczna dyskusja dotyczy obecnie nie tyle samego wyjazdu, ile sposobów zatrzymania w kraju tych, którzy zdecydowali się wrócić. Zasada: punkt za treść można dostać także za przepisane sformułowanie, ale punktu za język — nigdy; przepisanie, które nie pasuje do sformułowania punktu w poleceniu, nie daje żadnego z dwóch punktów; wszystko po pierwszej naturalnej przerwie między dziewięćdziesiątym a setnym wyrazem nie jest w ogóle czytane.

Exam focus

  • Identify the regime before answering: the summary carries an AO3 mark and demands your own Polish, the other comprehension questions do not (AO3).
  • Test every lift against the phrasing of the bullet point or the question, not against the topic (AO2).
  • Count to the ninety-to-one-hundred-word band and place your last full stop inside it; nothing beyond the first natural break past it is marked (AO2).
  • Use the five rephrasing moves deliberately, and put at least one genuinely complex structure into the summary so the AO3 grid has something to reward (AO3).

Typical mistakes

  • Believing that lifting always loses the content mark. It does not — but it always loses the language mark.
  • Believing that lifting is safe because content survives it. A lift that does not match the phrasing of the bullet point scores nothing at all.
  • Writing 130 words to be safe. Everything past the first natural break beyond 100 words is read for neither mark.
  • Writing the summary in note form or in fragments. The specification requires full sentences.
  • Producing six short simple clauses in flawless Polish and expecting five out of five. The AO3 grid rewards accurate manipulation of complex language, not the avoidance of it.
  • Spending a third of the word budget on reporting frames. Two or three are plenty; the rest of the words belong to content.

Active revision

Wybierz tekst publicystyczny na około czterysta wyrazów i wypisz z niego sześć najważniejszych informacji. Napisz dwa streszczenia po 90–100 wyrazów: pierwsze, przepisując sformułowania z tekstu, drugie — wyłącznie własnymi słowami, stosując pięć sposobów przeformułowania (zamiana części mowy, uogólnienie, forma bezosobowa, synonim, zmiana spójnika). Policz wyrazy w obu wersjach i zaznacz, gdzie kończy się dziewięćdziesiąty wyraz. Zapytaj siebie: która wersja może zdobyć punkty za język, a która tylko za treść?

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

§ 05

Exam technique: triage, timing and the 2 h 30 budget#

●●●AdvancedLPAQA 7687 section 4.4 Paper 1 - 2 hours 30 minutes, 85 raw marks: reading and responding 35, translation into English 10, research project 40LPAQA 7687 section 4.2 Assessment objectives - across AO1 and AO2 no more than 10 per cent of the total marks may be used for responses in English

Key points

Start from the arithmetic, because it is unforgiving. One hundred and fifty minutes, eighty-five marks: one minute forty-five seconds a mark if every mark cost the same. They do not. The 35 reading marks are spread over four texts of different lengths and difficulties. The 10 translation marks sit on a passage of at least a hundred words that has to be produced rather than recognised. And the 40-mark research-project essay needs an unseen source read, an unseen question understood and about three hundred words of argued Polish written — it is nearly half the paper on its own, and it is the part that collapses when the plan fails. So mark-proportionality is where the plan starts rather than where it ends: the essay's block is protected first even though it is written last.
Three minutes at the beginning buy the whole plan. Turn every page. Note the four texts, their lengths, their sources, their mark tariffs, and which one carries the summary question. Then rank them. Two criteria decide the order. Tariff, because a ten-mark text is worth more than a seven-mark text and should not be met with a tired eye. And accessibility, judged from the first two sentences of each — a piece of contemporary journalism on a familiar sub-theme reads faster than a historical article or a literary extract. Take an accessible high-tariff text first to bank marks and settle your reading, keep the hardest for the middle when you are warm but not spent, and place the summary text where your Polish is at its best, because it is the only reading question whose language is marked.
Inside each text, the method from the reading-strategy section runs to a clock. Two minutes reading the whole text for shape, without stopping at unknown words; one minute reading the questions; the rest re-reading in a targeted way, question by question, marking the paragraph where each answer lives before writing anything down. Set an abandonment rule before you start, and obey it: no single one-mark detail question gets more than about two minutes. A candidate who spends seven minutes reconstructing one noun and then has eleven minutes for the summary has traded a one-mark item for a much larger one. Write a plausible answer, mark the question with a symbol you will recognise, move on, and come back in the final sweep if minutes remain. An attempt can score; a blank cannot.
The translation and the essay then take the rest, and their claims on the clock differ in kind. The translation into English is dense and quick to write but slow to check, and it exists at only ten marks because of a rule set across the whole qualification: over AO1 and AO2 together, no more than ten per cent of the total marks may be earned by responses in English, translation into English included. The research-project essay needs its unseen source read properly before any planning, so budget that reading inside the essay's block rather than hoping to absorb it while writing. Both are treated in full in the grammar-and-translation and individual-research-project notes. Reserve the last ten minutes for one language sweep across everything written in Polish: diacritics, case after prepositions, aspect, and any sentence left unfinished.
Worked example

Building the 150-minute budget and triaging the four texts

An illustrative Paper 1, built as practice material rather than reproduced from any past paper; note that the specification does not publish how the 35 reading marks are divided between the four texts, so this split is invented for the exercise. Text 1: a press feature on changing family roles, about 450 words, 8 marks. Text 2: a short online opinion piece on social media, about 300 words, 7 marks. Text 3: an adapted historical article on a regional festival, about 400 words, 10 marks, and it carries the summary question. Text 4: a literary extract, about 350 words, 10 marks. Then the translation into English, 10 marks, and the research-project essay, 40 marks. Build the plan for the 150 minutes.

  1. 01Do the arithmetic, then correct it

    One hundred and fifty minutes over eighty-five marks is one minute forty-five seconds a mark, and that number is only a starting point. Reading marks are recognition marks: you find something that is already there. Translation and essay marks are production marks: you make something that is not. Production is slower per mark, and the essay carries an extra cost no comprehension question has — an unseen source to read and a structure to plan before any Polish is written. So the honest split leans time away from reading and towards the second half of the paper, and a plan that gives reading its strict mark-proportional sixty-two minutes will run out of time at the end.

  2. 02Protect the essay's block first

    Reserve the essay's block before allocating anything else, and reserve it generously: about sixty-two minutes, split ten for reading the unseen source and planning, forty-five for writing roughly three hundred words, and seven for checking. It is forty of the paper's eighty-five marks, more than the reading and the translation put together, and it is the part that cannot be rescued in a final sweep, because a missing paragraph is simply missing. Write it last, when your Polish has been warmed up by two hours of reading, but budget it first, while your judgement is not yet under pressure. Everything else is fitted around that block.

  3. 03Survey and rank the four texts

    Spend three minutes surveying before reading anything properly. Turn every page. Note the four texts, their lengths, their sources, their tariffs and which one carries the summary — here Text 3, at ten marks with the summary inside it, is the single most valuable block in the section. Then rank by two criteria. Tariff, because ten marks deserve a fresh eye more than seven do. And accessibility, judged from the first two sentences of each: Text 2, a short contemporary opinion piece on a familiar sub-theme, will read fastest, while Text 4, the literary extract, has no thematic scaffolding and will read slowest.

  4. 04Fix the order, and put the summary where your Polish is best

    The order that follows is 2, 3, 1, 4. Text 2 first: short, accessible, seven marks banked in about ten minutes, and it settles your reading before anything expensive. Text 3 second, with about twenty minutes, because it carries the summary and the summary is the only reading question whose language is marked — it needs your Polish at its best, which is early but not cold. Text 1 third, about twelve minutes. Text 4 last, about fifteen, because a literary extract rewards patience and by then everything else is safe. Fifty-seven minutes across the four texts, with three already spent on the survey.

  5. 05Set the abandonment rule and the recovery slot

    Two rules protect the plan from the single question that would otherwise eat it. First, an abandonment rule: no one-mark detail question gets more than about two minutes. Write the most plausible answer you have, mark it in the margin with a symbol you will recognise, and move on — an attempt can score and a blank cannot. Second, a recovery slot rather than a recovery habit: the last ten minutes belong to a language sweep across everything written in Polish, and only what is left of them goes back to abandoned questions. That ordering is deliberate, because the sweep lifts every answer while the abandoned question lifts one.

  6. 06Write out the plan and stress-test it

    Written out: 0 to 3, survey the whole paper; 3 to 60, the four texts in the order 2, 3, 1, 4, at roughly 10, 20, 12 and 15 minutes; 60 to 78, the translation into English; 78 to 140, the research project, with 10 minutes on the source and the plan, 45 on the writing and 7 on the check; 140 to 150, the language sweep. Then stress-test it once on practice material with a clock running, and note where it broke. The plan that survives contact is the one you have already broken twice in preparation, not the one written on the morning of the exam.

Result: Plan na 150 minut: 0–3 przegląd całego arkusza; 3–60 cztery teksty w kolejności 2, 3, 1, 4 (około 10, 20, 12 i 15 minut); 60–78 tłumaczenie na angielski; 78–140 esej projektu badawczego (10 minut na źródło i plan, 45 na pisanie, 7 na sprawdzenie); 140–150 kontrola językowa całości. Zasady: esej daje 40 z 85 punktów, więc jego czas rezerwuje się jako pierwszy, a pisze się go jako ostatni; tekst ze streszczeniem czytamy wtedy, gdy polszczyzna jest najlepsza, bo tylko tam ocenia się język; na jedno pytanie za jeden punkt najwyżej dwie minuty; ostatnie dziesięć minut należy do kontroli językowej, a nie do pytania, którego nie udało się rozwiązać.

Exam focus

  • Protect the research-project essay's block first: 40 of the paper's 85 marks depend on it, and it is written last (AO4).
  • Survey all three parts in the first three minutes and rank the four texts by tariff and accessibility before reading any of them properly (AO2).
  • Set and obey an abandonment rule of about two minutes for any one-mark detail question (AO2).
  • Keep the last ten minutes for a diacritic, case and aspect sweep over everything written in Polish (AO3).

Typical mistakes

  • Starting with text one because it is text one. The four texts differ in tariff and in difficulty, and the order should follow that.
  • Reading each text in full before looking at any question, then reading it in full again. The second pass should be targeted.
  • Leaving the essay whatever time is left over. It is the largest single block of marks in the component.
  • Spending the recovery minutes on the question you could not do rather than on the language check that lifts every answer.
  • Taking a dictionary-shaped approach to an unknown word. No dictionary is permitted in any paper, so the skill being tested is inference from context.
  • Writing the summary last, when your Polish is tired. It is the only reading question whose language carries marks.

Active revision

Ułóż własny plan czasowy na 150 minut Paper 1 i zapisz go w minutach: przegląd całego arkusza, cztery teksty, streszczenie, tłumaczenie na angielski, esej projektu badawczego, kontrola końcowa. Następnie przetestuj plan na materiale ćwiczeniowym, mierząc czas zegarkiem, i zanotuj, w którym miejscu zabrakło ci czasu. Ustal osobisty limit: ile minut wolno ci poświęcić na jedno pytanie za jeden punkt, zanim je zostawisz i wrócisz do niego na końcu.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: GCE AS and A level subject content for modern foreign languages (Department for Education)

Contents

Section -- / 05

    • 01Cztery teksty: what Paper 1's reading section actually sets◐
    • 02Czytać po polsku: reading strategy for authentic Polish prose●
    • 03Typy pytań: question types and what each one wants◐
    • 04Przepisywanie a streszczanie: the lifting rule, and answering in your own Polish●
    • 05Exam technique: triage, timing and the 2 h 30 budget●

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From notes into training

Czytanie ze zrozumieniem: the four stimulus texts of Paper 1, and the lifting rule

Reinforce this topic with matching tasks from the question bank.

~49
min
4
Competencies
Practise

References & sources

Sources

AQA

  • AQA A-level Polish (Listening, Reading, Writing) 7687 specification

Department for Education

  • GCE AS and A level subject content for modern foreign languages

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Słuchanie: Paper 3, and the sound of real Polish

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Mówienie bez egzaminu ustnego: spoken Polish in a written qualification

EuraStudy·Notes T·09·MMXXVI

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