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Notes/Irish/Foundations: skills and course structure
Notes · IrishUK · A-Levels

Foundations: skills and course structure

This topic is not itself an examined component. It is the architecture of the whole qualification, and it feeds every one of the six units, because nothing else in these notes makes sense until you know what the units are, what they are worth, and which assessment objective each of them pays. CCEA GCE Irish, subject code 5550, is a unitised AS and A2 qualification of six units: AS 1 Speaking, AS 2 Listening, Reading and Use of Language, AS 3 Extended Writing, A2 1 Speaking, A2 2 Listening and Reading, and A2 3 Extended Writing. Every unit carries two different published weightings — a share of the AS qualification and a share of the full A level — and confusing the two is the commonest planning error on this course. Fourteen topics map onto those six units, which means several of the topics in this set are competences or prescribed content rather than distinct assessed elements; each of those says so in its own first paragraph. This one is the first of them.

5 sections·~33 min reading time·4 competencies·Level Foundation 4 · Standard 1

T·0111 / 14
Exam profile
AO1 · Understand and respond, in speech and writing, to spoken language drawn from a variety of sources, including face-to-face interactionAO2 · Understand and respond, in speech and writing, to written language drawn from a variety of sourcesAO3 · Manipulate the language accurately and appropriately, in spoken and written forms, using a range of lexis and structureAO4 · Show knowledge and understanding of and respond critically and analytically to different aspects of the culture and society of countries or communities where the language is spoken, and demonstrate critical analysis and evaluation of works created in the language studied
Operators:identifyexplainplancomparejustifyevaluate

basic level

At AS you sit three units and only three, and their weightings inside the AS qualification are 30, 40 and 30 — quite different from the 12, 16 and 12 they carry inside the A level. AS 2 is the heaviest unit you will meet in the first year, at 40 percent of the AS, and it is the one that contains three separate sections in a single two-hour sitting. Plan the AS year around AS 2's breadth and AS 1's deadline, because the speaking examination and its paperwork fall before the written papers.

higher level

At A2 the weight moves decisively towards the reading and listening paper and the spoken examination. A2 2 alone is 24 percent of the A level and A2 1 is 18, so those two units are 42 percent of the whole qualification between them. A2 also introduces synoptic assessment and higher order thinking skills, which in practice means inference questions, a summary within a set word limit, evaluative tasks, and questions that require connections across the specification. And the A* is not available on AS strength: it requires a grade A overall plus at least 90 percent of the maximum uniform marks available for the A2 units.

Depth

Reading depth: In depth

Text

Text size: Standard

Contents · 5 sections▾
  1. Foundations: skills and course structure
    • 01The six units and the two weighting columns○
    • 02The four assessment objectives and the per-unit grid○
    • 03Staged assessment, resits, uniform marks and the A*◐
    • 04The four themes and the two areas of interest○
    • 05Which language you use where, and a note on these notes○
§ 01

The six units and the two weighting columns#

●○○FoundationLPSpecification §1.2 Key features — the six assessment unitsLPSpecification §2 Specification at a Glance — the weightings tableLPSpecification §1 Introduction — the AS 40 percent / A2 60 percent split

The six units and what each is worth

The six units of CCEA GCE IrishTable with 4 columns and 6 rows, Data: Unit · Assessment · % of AS · % of A level; AS 1 · Speaking · 30 · 12; AS 2 · Listening, Reading and Use of Language · 40 · 16; AS 3 · Extended Writing · 30 · 12; A2 1 · Speaking · — · 18; A2 2 · Listening and Reading, two sections · — · 24; A2 3 · Extended Writing · — · 18, highlighted cell: 24UNITASSESSMENT% OF AS% OF A LEVELAS 1Speaking3012AS 2Listening, Reading and Useof Language4016AS 3Extended Writing3012A2 1Speaking—18A2 2Listening and Reading, twosections—24A2 3Extended Writing—18
Fig. 1Every unit has two published weightings and they differ. The emphasised cell is Unit A2 2 at 24 percent of the A level — the largest single unit in the qualification.

Key points

There are six assessment units, three at AS and three at A2, and the specification names them plainly: Unit AS 1 Speaking; Unit AS 2, which has Section A Listening, Section B Reading and Section C Use of Language; Unit AS 3 Extended Writing; Unit A2 1 Speaking; Unit A2 2, which has Section A Listening and Section B Reading; and Unit A2 3 Extended Writing. A student may take the AS units as a final qualification, or take the AS units plus the A2 units for the full GCE A level. The full A level award is based on marks from the AS at 40 percent and the A2 at 60 percent. Guided learning hours are 180 for the AS and 360 for the A level, the standard GCE figures, and the specification builds on GCSE Irish, for which a good standard or an equivalent qualification is recommended.
Every unit is published with two weightings and they are not the same number. AS 1 Speaking is 30 percent of the AS and 12 percent of the A level. AS 2 is 40 percent of the AS and 16 percent of the A level. AS 3 is 30 percent of the AS and 12 percent of the A level. Those three A-level figures add to 40, which is exactly what the specification means when it says the AS contributes 40 percent. The A2 units carry only an A-level weighting, because they belong to no smaller qualification: A2 1 Speaking is 18 percent, A2 2 Listening and Reading is 24 percent, and A2 3 Extended Writing is 18 percent. Quote the wrong column and you will badly misjudge how much a unit is worth to you.
Two facts fall straight out of the arithmetic and both should shape a two-year plan. First, AS 2 is the largest unit at AS at 40 percent, and it is also the widest, because a single two-hour sitting contains listening, reading, translation and a grammar section. Second, A2 2 is the largest unit in the A level at 24 percent, and it is longer still at two hours and forty-five minutes. Between them the two examination papers carry 40 percent of the A level. But the two speaking units carry 30 percent between them — 12 at AS and 18 at A2 — and the two extended-writing units another 30. No single skill dominates: the qualification is deliberately balanced across speaking, receptive skills and writing about a set work.
It is worth noticing what is NOT in this list, because candidates arriving from other language specifications expect components that do not exist here. There is no non-examination assessment and no coursework folder. There is no separate translation paper — translation is a task inside AS 2 and inside A2 2, never a unit of its own. There is no dictation. There is no listening component in the speaking examination and no reading component in it either; the speaking units are conducted entirely face to face with a visiting examiner. And there is no set text anywhere except in AS 3 and A2 3. If a resource or a study guide tells you otherwise, it is describing a different qualification.
Worked example

Planning a unitised course from the weightings

You are beginning the two-year A level in September. Using only the unit list and the two weighting columns, decide the order in which the units fall, where the pressure points are, and what a resit could realistically rescue.

  1. 01Separate the two years

    Year one is AS 1, AS 2 and AS 3, worth 12, 16 and 12 percent of the A level — 40 percent in total. Year two is A2 1, A2 2 and A2 3, worth 18, 24 and 18 — 60 percent. Write both columns down; from now on quote only the A-level column when you are thinking about the A level.

  2. 02Find the deadline that comes first

    AS 1 is a speaking examination conducted by a visiting examiner, and it is preceded by paperwork: a Summary Sheet the teacher must authenticate and the centre must submit to CCEA by a set deadline, and a Preparation Sheet of up to sixty words. That deadline, not the written papers, is the first hard date in the course.

  3. 03Find the heaviest sitting

    At AS it is AS 2 — two hours, three sections, 40 percent of the AS. At A2 it is A2 2 — two hours forty-five minutes, 24 percent of the A level, and the single largest unit anywhere in the specification. Both have a fifteen-minute break after the listening section while candidates move to another room, so neither is a continuous sitting.

  4. 04Cost a resit honestly

    Each unit is available in the summer of each year and may be resat once, with the better result counting. So a poor AS 2 in year one can be retaken in year two — but it will be retaken in the same summer as three A2 units, in the middle of the heaviest term of the course. A resit is a real option and a bad plan to rely on.

  5. 05State what the plan protects

    AO3, accuracy, is examined in all six units, so grammar work never goes to waste and should run continuously from September of year one. Everything else is unit-specific and can be scheduled: set-work study before each extended-writing paper, theme work before each speaking examination, and listening practice from the first term because it is the skill that improves slowest.

Result: Year one carries 40 percent in three units with the AS 1 paperwork deadline first and AS 2 heaviest; year two carries 60 percent with A2 2 heaviest at 24 percent. One resit per unit is permitted and the better result counts, but a year-two resit competes with three A2 units, so it is a safety net rather than a strategy. Continuous grammar work is the only preparation that pays into every unit.

Exam focus

  • Six units: AS 1, AS 2, AS 3, A2 1, A2 2, A2 3 — three at AS and three at A2.
  • Two weighting columns per unit. AS: 30 / 40 / 30. A level: 12 / 16 / 12 / 18 / 24 / 18.
  • The AS contributes 40 percent of the A level and the A2 contributes 60 percent.
  • AS 2 is the largest AS unit; A2 2 is the largest A-level unit at 24 percent.

Typical mistakes

  • Quoting a unit's AS percentage when the A-level percentage is what matters, or the reverse.
  • Treating AS 2 as a listening paper, when listening is one of its three sections.
  • Assuming a coursework or non-examination component exists — this specification has none.
  • Believing the speaking units are small because they are short: eleven and fifteen minutes carry 30 percent of the A level.

Active revision

Write out all six units on one card, each with its title, its AS weighting where it has one, its A-level weighting, its total time and its sections. Then close the card and answer three questions from memory: which unit is worth most at AS, which is worth most at A level, and what do the three AS A-level figures add up to? If the last answer is not 40, find the error before you go any further.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: CCEA GCE Irish specification (2016) — §1 Introduction, §1.2 Key features and §2 Specification at a Glance (CCEA)

§ 02

The four assessment objectives and the per-unit grid#

●○○FoundationLPSpecification §4.2 Assessment objectivesLPSpecification §4.3 Assessment objective weightingsLPSpecification §5 Grade Descriptions

Assessment objectives by unit

AO weightings by unitTable with 6 columns and 7 rows, Data: Unit · AO1 · AO2 · AO3 · AO4 · Total; AS 1 · 4.0 · — · 3.2 · 4.8 · 12.0; AS 2 · 4.0 · 6.4 · 5.6 · — · 16.0; AS 3 · — · 5.6 · 3.2 · 3.2 · 12.0; A2 1 · 6.0 · — · 4.8 · 7.2 · 18.0; A2 2 · 6.0 · 9.6 · 8.4 · — · 24.0; A2 3 · — · 8.4 · 4.8 · 4.8 · 18.0; Total · 20.0 · 30.0 · 30.0 · 20.0 · 100.0, highlighted cell: 7.2UNITAO1AO2AO3AO4TOTALAS 14.0—3.24.812.0AS 24.06.45.6—16.0AS 3—5.63.23.212.0A2 16.0—4.87.218.0A2 26.09.68.4—24.0A2 3—8.44.84.818.0TOTAL20.030.030.020.0100.0
Fig. 2Percentages of the full A level. The emphasised cell is Unit A2 1's AO4 allocation of 7.2 — the largest single block of cultural and critical assessment anywhere in the specification.

Key points

Four assessment objectives, and the specification's wording for each is worth learning because it tells you what the examiner is looking for. AO1: understand and respond, in speech and writing, to spoken language drawn from a variety of sources, including face-to-face interaction. AO2: understand and respond, in speech and writing, to written language drawn from a variety of sources. AO3: manipulate the language accurately and appropriately, in spoken and written forms, using a range of lexis and structure. AO4: show knowledge and understanding of, and respond critically and analytically to, different aspects of the culture and society of countries or communities where the language is spoken, and demonstrate critical analysis and evaluation of works created in the language studied. Across the A level they are weighted AO1 20, AO2 30, AO3 30 and AO4 20.
The specification then prints something unusually useful: a per-unit percentage grid, so you can see exactly which objective each unit pays and how much. AS 1 is AO1 4.0 plus AO3 3.2 plus AO4 4.8. AS 2 is AO1 4.0 plus AO2 6.4 plus AO3 5.6. AS 3 is AO2 5.6 plus AO3 3.2 plus AO4 3.2. A2 1 is AO1 6.0 plus AO3 4.8 plus AO4 7.2. A2 2 is AO1 6.0 plus AO2 9.6 plus AO3 8.4. A2 3 is AO2 8.4 plus AO3 4.8 plus AO4 4.8. All the figures are percentages of the full A level, and each unit's row adds to its published weighting. Unlike some sister specifications, these numbers are internally consistent and total exactly 100.
Read the grid down the columns rather than across the rows and three things become obvious. AO3 — accuracy — appears in every single unit, the only objective that does. It is 30 percent of the A level and there is nowhere to hide from it: a candidate who cannot control the grammatical system loses marks in the speaking examinations, in the Use of Language section, in both translations and in both essays. AO2, also 30 percent, is concentrated in the two reading papers and the two essays. AO1, 20 percent, is split evenly between the two speaking units and the two listening sections. And AO4, 20 percent, appears in only three units.
The most striking single figure in the grid is AO4 in Unit A2 1: 7.2 percent of the whole A level, in a spoken introduction and discussion lasting about six minutes. That is more AO4 than either extended-writing essay carries, and more than a third of all the AO4 in the qualification. It is the reason the A2 individual research project deserves genuine research rather than a hurried summary — the examiner is assessing knowledge and understanding of the culture and society of an Irish-speaking country or community, and six minutes of talk is where the largest single block of that objective is decided. Plan the research project accordingly, and plan it early.
Worked example

Deciding where an hour of revision goes, using the AO grid

You have one free hour a week for a term. Using the AO grid rather than instinct, decide what to spend it on and justify the decision in objective terms.

  1. 01Ask which objective is present in most units

    AO3, in all six. It is worth 30 percent of the A level and it is assessed in the two speaking examinations, the Use of Language section, both translations and both essays. An hour spent on the verb system or on mutations is an hour that pays into every unit you will ever sit.

  2. 02Ask which objective is most concentrated

    AO4, at 20 percent, sits in only three units — AS 1 at 4.8, AS 3 at 3.2 and A2 1 at 7.2, plus A2 3 at 4.8. That is concentrated enough to be worth targeted work, but the work is research and reading about a chosen topic, not general revision, so it belongs in blocks rather than in a weekly hour.

  3. 03Ask which objective is hardest to improve quickly

    AO1. Understanding spoken Irish from authentic sources — announcements, news items, talks, presentations and discussions — is the slowest skill to build and it cannot be crammed. It is 20 percent of the A level, split between the two speaking units and the two listening sections.

  4. 04Split the hour honestly

    Thirty minutes on AO3, worked on written sentences where a mutation or a tense can be checked against a rule; twenty minutes on AO1, listening to authentic Irish without a transcript and then with one; ten minutes recording yourself speaking on the current theme. That last ten minutes serves AO1, AO3 and AO4 at once, because a spoken answer is marked on all three in the conversation.

  5. 05State what the hour does not cover

    It does not cover the set works or the research project, which need scheduled blocks of their own, and it does not cover AO2's reading, which improves fastest when it is attached to the themes and done at length rather than in ten-minute pieces.

Result: Half the hour to AO3, because it is the only objective in all six units; a third to AO1, because it improves slowest and cannot be crammed; and a final ten minutes speaking aloud, because a spoken answer is simultaneously AO1, AO3 and AO4. Set works, the research project and extended reading are scheduled separately in blocks.

Exam focus

  • AO1 spoken language 20 percent; AO2 written language 30; AO3 accurate manipulation 30; AO4 culture and critical response 20.
  • AO3 is the only objective assessed in all six units — grammar pays everywhere.
  • A2 1 carries AO4 7.2, the largest single block of AO4 in the qualification.
  • The per-unit grid is in percentages of the A level and each row sums to that unit's weighting.

Typical mistakes

  • Treating AO4 as decoration on the speaking examinations when it is their largest component.
  • Assuming accuracy only matters in the Use of Language section, when AO3 is in every unit.
  • Confusing AO1 and AO2: AO1 is spoken source material, AO2 is written source material, whatever language you answer in.
  • Reading the AO grid as raw marks — the figures are percentages of the whole A level.

Active revision

Copy the per-unit AO grid onto one sheet and check it yourself: add each row and confirm it equals the unit's published weighting, then add each column and confirm you get 20, 30, 30 and 20. Now answer two questions. In which units can you earn AO4, and how much of it is in each? And if you improved only your grammatical accuracy, in how many of the six units would that show?

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: CCEA GCE Irish specification (2016) — §4.2 Assessment objectives and §4.3 Assessment objective weightings (CCEA)

§ 03

Staged assessment, resits, uniform marks and the A*#

●●○StandardLPSpecification §4.1 Assessment opportunitiesLPSpecification §4.7 Reporting and gradingLPSpecification §4.5 Synoptic assessment at A2 and §4.6 Higher order thinking skills

Key points

This is a unitised specification, which has three practical consequences. Each unit is available for assessment in the summer of each year, so the AS units can be sat at the end of year one and banked. An individual AS or A2 assessment unit may be resat ONCE, and the better result for that unit counts towards the AS or the A level. And a candidate's results for individual assessment units continue to count towards a qualification until CCEA withdraws the specification. Staged assessment of this kind is now unusual — most reformed A levels in England are linear — and it is one of the genuine differences between this qualification and the modern-foreign-language A levels a student might otherwise be comparing it with.
Results for individual units are reported on a uniform mark scale that reflects the assessment weighting of each unit, and grades are determined by adding the uniform marks obtained across units. A uniform mark scale exists so that a candidate who reaches a given standard receives the same reported mark whichever series they sat the unit in — which is exactly what makes banking and resitting fair. The AS is awarded on a five-grade scale from A to E, with A the highest. The A level is awarded on a six-grade scale from A* to E. A candidate who fails to attain a grade E has the result reported as unclassified, U.
The A has a specific two-part condition and it is not generous. To be awarded an A, a candidate needs to achieve a grade A on the full A level qualification AND at least 90 percent of the maximum uniform marks available for the A2 units. Both conditions must hold. The practical meaning is that a very strong AS cannot carry a merely good A2 to an A: the A2 units — A2 1 at 18 percent, A2 2 at 24 and A2 3 at 18, making 60 percent of the qualification — must be near-perfect in their own right. A candidate aiming at A should plan the A2 year as the year that decides the grade, and should be especially careful with A2 2, which is the largest of the three.
A2 also differs from AS in kind, not only in difficulty. Section 4.5 says the A2 units include synoptic assessment, which here means building on material from the AS units, making connections between areas of knowledge and skills explored throughout the course, following your own lines of enquiry and recording and observing from primary sources, using advanced language skills in one or more tasks in both oral and written form, and selecting and presenting work that demonstrates strengths from different areas. Section 4.6 adds the higher order thinking skills the A2 papers use to get at this: open-ended questions and questions requiring inference and deduction, a summary of an Irish text in English within a set word limit, more demanding evaluative tasks, questions requiring connections between sections of the specification, and extended writing.
Worked example

Should this candidate resit AS 2?

A candidate sat all three AS units in the summer of year one and is unhappy with AS 2, which is 16 percent of the A level. They are considering a resit in the summer of year two. Reason it through on the specification's own terms.

  1. 01Confirm the resit is available

    Yes. Each unit is available for assessment in the summer of each year, and an individual AS or A2 unit may be resat once with the better result counting. A resit therefore cannot lower the outcome — the worse result is discarded — so the risk is not to the mark but to the time.

  2. 02Price the time honestly

    The resit falls in the same series as A2 1, A2 2 and A2 3, which are 60 percent of the A level. A2 2 alone is 24 percent, half again as much as AS 2's 16. Every hour spent re-preparing the AS listening, reading, translation and grammar section is an hour not spent on the unit that is worth more.

  3. 03Look for the overlap

    Here the calculation shifts. AS 2 and A2 2 test the same competences at different levels: two recorded passages, questions answered in Irish and in English, reading comprehension, translation and — at AS — a grammar section. Preparation for A2 2 substantially IS preparation for AS 2. The overlap is real, unlike the overlap between, say, an AS essay and an A2 essay on different set works.

  4. 04Check what does not overlap

    AS 2 Section C, Use of Language, has no counterpart in A2 2: the A2 paper has no discrete grammar section, only a gap-filling exercise and an English-into-Irish translation. So a resit needs some dedicated work on the AS grammar exercises, which is AO3 work and therefore useful anyway.

  5. 05Decide, and name the condition

    Resit if — and only if — the candidate's A2 2 preparation is on track by the spring, so that the AS resit rides on it rather than competing with it. If A2 2 is not secure by then, drop the resit: 24 percent secured beats 16 percent improved.

Result: A resit of AS 2 is permitted, cannot lower the result, and overlaps heavily with A2 2 preparation, which makes it cheaper than it looks — but only Section C's grammar exercises need separate work, and the resit should be abandoned if A2 2 is not already secure by the spring, because 24 percent outranks 16.

Exam focus

  • Each unit is available every summer; a unit may be resat once and the better result counts.
  • Unit results are reported on a uniform mark scale and grades come from the sum of uniform marks.
  • AS is graded A–E; A level A*–E; below E is unclassified.
  • A* = grade A overall PLUS at least 90 percent of the maximum uniform marks for the A2 units.

Typical mistakes

  • Believing a unit can be resat repeatedly — the specification allows one resit per unit.
  • Assuming a very strong AS can secure an A, when the A condition is set on the A2 units.
  • Planning A2 as more of the same, when it adds synoptic assessment and inference-heavy question types.
  • Ignoring the primary-source clause in the synoptic definition, which is what the A2 research project is for.

Active revision

Answer these four in writing, from the specification rather than from memory of another subject. How many times may a unit be resat, and which result counts? On what scale are unit results reported? What exactly does an A* require, and on which units is the 90 percent condition set? And name three of the five things the specification says synoptic assessment at A2 involves.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: CCEA GCE Irish specification (2016) — §4.1 Assessment opportunities, §4.5–§4.7 (CCEA)

§ 04

The four themes and the two areas of interest#

●○○FoundationLPSpecification §3 Subject Content — areas of interest and themesLPSpecification §3 AS level — Relationships; Culture and LifestyleLPSpecification §3 A2 — Young People and Society; Our Place in a Changing World

Key points

The subject content opens with a sentence that is easy to skim and worth reading twice: students develop knowledge and understanding by studying themes relating to the society and culture, past and present, of a country or community where the Irish language is spoken. Two things are packed into it. Past AND present, so historical material is legitimate content and not a digression — which is why one of the three prescribed A2 research options is a historical period from the twentieth century. And a country OR COMMUNITY, so the field is not restricted to the Republic of Ireland: an Irish-speaking community in Northern Ireland, in a Gaeltacht region, or in the diaspora is equally within scope.
The specification then says the course gives students the opportunity to explore two broad areas of interest: social trends and issues, AND EITHER political culture, intellectual culture or artistic culture. That second clause is the licence for everything political and artistic in the A2 themes, and it is stated as a choice — one of the three cultures, alongside social trends and issues. It is not a list of topics to cover but a description of the intellectual territory, and it explains why a specification for a language qualification asks candidates to discuss democracy, citizenship, discrimination and conflict at all.
Those areas of interest are explored through four prescribed themes, two at AS and two at A2. At AS: Relationships, and Culture and Lifestyle. At A2: Young People and Society, and Our Place in a Changing World. Each theme has a short list of prescribed topics, and those lists are the actual syllabus for the speaking examinations and for the source material of the listening and reading papers. They are printed in full in the four theme topics of these notes and should be treated as a checklist: a candidate who can speak for two minutes on each bullet of each theme has covered the examinable content of the conversations.
Note one small inconsistency so that it does not confuse you. The specification's summary bullet list on the first page of Section 3 writes the third theme as 'Young People in Society', while the content heading over the actual bullet list two pages later writes it as 'Young People and Society'. These notes use the wording over the bullet list, which is the one attached to the prescribed topics. Nothing turns on it — it is a wording slip, not two different themes — but if a resource or a past paper uses one form and your teacher uses the other, they are talking about the same thing.
Worked example

Turning the theme lists into a two-year plan

You have twenty-four prescribed topics across four themes, two speaking examinations, and two years. Build a schedule that puts the right theme in front of the right examination.

  1. 01Attach each theme to its examination

    The AS themes, Relationships and Culture and Lifestyle, supply the AS 1 presentation topic and the eight-minute AS conversation, and they supply the topics of the AS 2 recordings and reading passages. The A2 themes supply the nine-minute A2 conversation and the A2 2 source material. Note the asymmetry: the A2 conversation may also incorporate AS themes where appropriate, so the AS material never goes away.

  2. 02Count the bullets and divide the terms

    Twelve AS topics across roughly five teaching months before the AS speaking examination is about two and a half topics a month. Twelve A2 topics across the second year is the same rate. That is a manageable pace only if it starts in September; it is not manageable if it starts after Christmas.

  3. 03Build one page per topic

    For each bullet, one page: eight to ten items of theme-specific vocabulary with genders marked, three or four sentence frames for stating an opinion and justifying it, two concrete examples you can name, and one question you could ask back. The frames are the transferable part — they will serve every topic — while the vocabulary and examples are topic-specific.

  4. 04Rehearse in the examination format

    The conversation is eight minutes at AS and nine at A2, and it is a conversation, not a monologue. Practise being interrupted, being asked why, and being asked for an example. A prepared paragraph that cannot survive the question 'cén fáth?' — why? — is not yet an answer.

  5. 05Keep the AS themes alive into year two

    Because the A2 conversation may incorporate AS themes where appropriate, the twelve AS pages should be revisited once a term in year two. This costs very little and protects nine minutes of the most heavily weighted spoken examination in the qualification.

Result: Twenty-four one-page topic sheets, twelve prepared before the AS speaking examination and twelve before the A2, each carrying vocabulary with genders, opinion-and-justification frames, two nameable examples and one question to ask back — with the AS twelve revisited termly in year two because the A2 conversation may draw on them.

Exam focus

  • Themes cover the society and culture, PAST AND PRESENT, of a country or community where Irish is spoken.
  • Two areas of interest: social trends and issues, and either political, intellectual or artistic culture.
  • Four themes: Relationships and Culture and Lifestyle at AS; Young People and Society and Our Place in a Changing World at A2.
  • The bullet list under each theme is the examinable content for the conversations and the source material.

Typical mistakes

  • Restricting the field to the Republic of Ireland when the specification says country OR COMMUNITY.
  • Treating historical material as off-topic, when the content is explicitly past and present.
  • Studying the theme headings without the bullets, which are the actual list of topics.
  • Assuming 'Young People in Society' and 'Young People and Society' are two different themes.

Active revision

List the four themes and, under each, every prescribed bullet from the specification — five under Relationships, seven under Culture and Lifestyle, six under Young People and Society, six under Our Place in a Changing World. Twenty-four topics in total. Mark each one with a tick if you could speak about it for two minutes in Irish today, and a cross if you could not. The crosses are your syllabus.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: CCEA GCE Irish specification (2016) — §3 Subject Content, areas of interest and the four themes (CCEA)

§ 05

Which language you use where, and a note on these notes#

●○○FoundationLPSpecification §3.2 and §3.5 — the language of each responseLPSpecification §4.4 Quality of written communicationLPSpecification §7.4 Equality and inclusion

Key points

One of the quiet difficulties of this qualification is that it moves between two languages by design, and the rule changes from task to task. In both speaking units everything is in Irish: the presentation, the introduction and discussion, and both conversations. In both listening sections there are two recordings and they differ — Recording 1 is answered IN IRISH to questions in Irish, Recording 2 is answered IN ENGLISH to questions in English. In AS 2 Section B the reading questions are in Irish and answered in Irish, while the translation goes from Irish INTO ENGLISH. In AS 2 Section C the grammatical exercises are in Irish and Question 5 translates short sentences from English INTO IRISH. In A2 2 Section B the gap-filling and the questions are in Irish, the summary is written in English, and the translation runs from English INTO IRISH. Both extended-writing essays are in Irish.
That means the direction of translation reverses between the two years, and it is a change candidates regularly walk into. At AS you translate OUT of Irish into English, which tests comprehension and the ability to write good English. At A2 you translate INTO Irish, which tests production and is far harder, because every noun needs its gender, every preposition its form and every trigger its mutation. Anyone planning a two-year course should notice that the A2 translation is a different skill from the AS one and needs its own practice, starting well before the A2 year, not a continuation of what worked at AS.
Section 4.4 then says something genuinely surprising and easy to miss. Quality of written communication — legibility, spelling, punctuation and grammar, so that meaning is clear — is assessed in responses to questions and tasks that require extended writing IN ENGLISH. The specification names them: the AS 2 translation into English and the A2 2 summary in English, both under AO2. So the English you write in this Irish examination is marked for its own quality, not merely for whether the meaning has been transferred. A translation into clumsy, misspelt English is not a safe translation, and the hundred-word summary is a piece of English prose that must read as English prose.
A note on the language of these notes, which is a platform convention and not a claim about how the subject should be taught. The explanatory prose here is in English, because the whole UK A-Levels notes corpus is English-medium — every one of the sixty sister subjects renders in English, and the figure engine's accessibility text with them. The examination is not: it is conducted in Irish, and every word you speak for AS 1 and A2 1 and write for AS 3 and A2 3 is Irish. Because this is a learner-facing qualification the notes gloss generously, translating ordinary vocabulary rather than assuming it, and they teach production explicitly — model phrases and sentence frames are given in full, each one learned with its mutation already attached, so that you can say and write them rather than merely recognise them.
Worked example

The language grid, filled in

Set out every assessed task in the specification with the language of the stimulus, the language of the response and the assessment objective, so that nothing has to be decided under examination conditions.

  1. 01AS 1 Speaking

    Presentation, approximately three minutes: stimulus is your own prepared topic, response in Irish, AO4. Conversation, approximately eight minutes: questions in Irish, response in Irish, AO1 and AO3. Nothing in this unit is in English.

  2. 02AS 2, all three sections

    Section A Recording 1: questions in Irish, answers in Irish, AO1. Recording 2: questions in English, answers in English, AO1. Section B Question 1: Irish passage, Irish questions, Irish answers, AO2. Question 2: Irish passage of about 130 words translated into English, AO2, and marked partly on the accuracy of that English. Section C Questions 1 to 4: grammatical and lexical exercises in Irish, AO3. Question 5: short sentences from English into Irish, AO3.

  3. 03AS 3 Extended Writing

    One question of two on your set film or literary text, answered in Irish in one hour. Assessed on AO2, AO4 and AO3 together — content understanding, cultural and critical response, and accuracy.

  4. 04A2 1 Speaking

    Introduction of one minute and discussion of five on your research project, in Irish, AO4 and AO3. Conversation of nine minutes on the A2 themes and possibly the AS themes, in Irish, AO1 and AO3.

  5. 05A2 2, both sections

    Section A Recording 1 in Irish answered in Irish; Recording 2 in English answered in English; both AO1. Section B Question 1 gap-filling in Irish, Question 2 questions in Irish answered in Irish, Question 3 an Irish passage summarised in English in about 100 words — all AO2, with the summary also carrying the written-communication requirement. Question 4 translates about 130 words from English into Irish, AO3.

  6. 06A2 3 Extended Writing

    One question of two on your set literary text, in Irish, one hour, AO2, AO4 and AO3.

Result: Of the assessed tasks, only three are answered in English — Recording 2 in each listening section and the A2 2 summary — plus the AS 2 translation, whose output is English. Everything else is produced in Irish. The two English-output extended tasks, the AS translation and the A2 summary, are the two places quality of written communication is assessed.

Exam focus

  • Recording 1 is answered in Irish; Recording 2 is answered in English. Both listening sections work this way.
  • AS 2 translates Irish INTO English; A2 2 translates English INTO Irish. The direction reverses.
  • Quality of written communication is assessed on the ENGLISH extended writing: the AS translation and the A2 summary.
  • Both essays and both speaking units are conducted entirely in Irish.

Typical mistakes

  • Answering Recording 2 in Irish, or Recording 1 in English — read the rubric before the recording starts.
  • Assuming the A2 translation is the AS translation reversed and needs no separate preparation.
  • Writing careless English in the translation and the summary, both of which are marked for quality of written communication.
  • Treating the English tasks as the easy half of the paper when they carry AO2 marks and a written-communication requirement.

Active revision

Draw a grid with the six units down the side and three columns: language of the question, language of your answer, and assessment objective. Fill in every task — both recordings in each listening section, each reading question, each translation, the summary, the Use of Language exercises, both essays and both speaking units. Anywhere you hesitate, look it up; on the day there is no time to work it out.

Active recall

Recall the key points — then reveal.

Sources: CCEA GCE Irish specification (2016) — §3.2, §3.5 and §4.4 Quality of written communication (CCEA) · GCE AS and A level qualifications — regulated qualification information (UK Government)

Contents

Section -- / 05

    • 01The six units and the two weighting columns○
    • 02The four assessment objectives and the per-unit grid○
    • 03Staged assessment, resits, uniform marks and the A*◐
    • 04The four themes and the two areas of interest○
    • 05Which language you use where, and a note on these notes○

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From notes into training

Foundations: skills and course structure

Reinforce this topic with matching tasks from the question bank.

~33
min
4
Competencies
Practise

References & sources

Sources

CCEA

  • CCEA GCE Irish specification (2016) — §1 Introduction, §1.2 Key features and §2 Specification at a Glance

UK Government

  • GCE AS and A level qualifications — regulated qualification information

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