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Revision·Revision / N11UK · A-Levels

Geology

A-Level Geology is the natural science of the Earth: the materials it is made of, the processes that shape it, and the immense span of time over which it has evolved. Delivered here through the WJEC/Eduqas specification (the current awarding body for A-Level Geology in England and Wales), it runs from elements, minerals and the three rock classes, through the surface and internal processes of the rock cycle, the structure of the Earth and global tectonics, rock deformation and the reading of geological time, to palaeontology, geohazards, economic and applied geology, and the interpretation of geological maps and cross-sections. It is assessed as much on the interpretation of maps, cross-sections, data and field evidence and on quantitative skill (radiometric ages, plate-motion rates, true thickness, porosity) as on recall, and it carries a compulsory fieldwork requirement.

0/56 Texts·13 Chapters·~196 min total

Continue reading — Chapter ITable of contents
LPWJEC/Eduqas A level Geology (Component 2) — Elements, minerals and rocksLPWJEC/Eduqas A level Geology (Component 2) — Surface and internal processes of the rock cycleLPWJEC/Eduqas A level Geology (Component 2) — Rock forming processesLPWJEC/Eduqas A level Geology (Component 2) — Earth structure and global tectonicsLPWJEC/Eduqas A level Geology (Component 1) — Geological investigations; (Component 2) — Earth structure and global tectonicsLPWJEC/Eduqas A level Geology (Component 2) — Rock deformation+8 more●○○Foundation●●○Standard●●●Advanced
Table of contents · 13 ChaptersT·13
Ch. IElements, minerals and rocks4 texts · 0 read
  • The composition of the Earth and crustText L·01 · Recommended start4 min
  • Minerals and the silicate structuresText L·024 min
  • Physical properties and mineral identificationText L·034 min
  • The three rock classes in hand specimenText L·043 min
Ch. IISurface and internal processes of the rock cycle4 texts · 0 read
  • The rock cycle: stores and processesText L·053 min
  • WeatheringText L·063 min
  • Erosion, transport and depositionText L·074 min
  • Internal processes and the energy that drives the cycleText L·084 min
Ch. IIIRock forming processes4 texts · 0 read
  • Igneous processes and classificationText L·094 min
  • Sedimentary processes and structuresText L·104 min
  • Interpreting sedimentary environmentsText L·113 min
  • Metamorphic processes, grade and zonesText L·123 min
Ch. IVEarth structure and global tectonics4 texts · 0 read
  • The internal structure of the Earth and its evidenceText L·134 min
  • Seismic waves, epicentres and travel timeText L·144 min
  • Plate tectonic theory and the driving mechanismText L·154 min
  • Plate boundaries and their featuresText L·163 min
Ch. VRock deformation4 texts · 0 read
  • Stress, strain and rock behaviourText L·173 min
  • FoldsText L·184 min
  • Faults and the principal stressesText L·194 min
  • Joints and the reactivation of structuresText L·203 min
Ch. VITime and change5 texts · 0 read
  • Uniformitarianism and deep timeText L·214 min
  • Relative dating and the sequencing of eventsText L·224 min
  • The geological time scaleText L·233 min
  • Absolute (radiometric) datingText L·244 min
  • Correlation and the reliability of datingText L·253 min
Ch. VIIPast life and past climates5 texts · 0 read
  • Fossilisation and the fossil recordText L·263 min
  • Fossils as evidence of evolutionText L·273 min
  • Major fossil groups and their useText L·283 min
  • Mass extinctionsText L·293 min
  • Reconstructing past climatesText L·304 min
Ch. VIIIGeohazards5 texts · 0 read
  • Earthquake hazardsText L·314 min
  • Volcanic hazardsText L·323 min
  • Mass-movement hazards and slope stabilityText L·334 min
  • Tsunami and multiple hazardsText L·343 min
  • Risk, prediction and managementText L·354 min
Ch. IXEarth materials and natural resources5 texts · 0 read
  • Metalliferous ores and their formationText L·364 min
  • Industrial minerals and construction materialsText L·373 min
  • Hydrocarbons and coalText L·384 min
  • Reservoirs, porosity and hydrogeologyText L·394 min
  • Prospecting and explorationText L·403 min
Ch. XGeological map applications4 texts · 0 read
  • Reading a geological map: dip, strike and the rule of VsText L·414 min
  • Structures and outcrop patternsText L·423 min
  • Cross-sections and true thicknessText L·434 min
  • Applied and engineering geology from mapsText L·444 min
Ch. XIQuaternary geology4 texts · 0 read
  • The Quaternary and glacial-interglacial cyclesText L·453 min
  • Controls on Quaternary climate: the Milankovitch cyclesText L·464 min
  • Quaternary deposits and landformsText L·473 min
  • Proxy evidence for environmental changeText L·483 min
Ch. XIIGeological evolution of Britain4 texts · 0 read
  • Britain's drift and terrane assemblyText L·493 min
  • The Caledonian orogenyText L·503 min
  • The Variscan orogeny and the Coal MeasuresText L·513 min
  • The Mesozoic-Cenozoic cover and the Alpine orogenyText L·523 min
Ch. XIIIGeology of the lithosphere4 texts · 0 read
  • The Earth's heat and heat lossText L·534 min
  • Plate-driving mechanismsText L·543 min
  • Formation and recycling of oceanic lithosphereText L·554 min
  • Continental-crust processesText L·563 min
Reading progress · subject
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0/56
Texts
~196
min total
Recommended start
Elements, minerals and rocks · Ch. I
The composition of the Earth and crust
Text L·01 · 4 min
Read now
Instrument · 01Recommended study order
  1. 1Elements, minerals and rocks
  2. 2Surface and internal processes of the rock cycle
  3. 3Rock forming processes
  4. 4Earth structure and global tectonics
  5. 5Rock deformation
  6. 6Time and change
  7. 7Past life and past climates
  8. 8Geohazards
  9. 9Earth materials and natural resources
  10. 10Geological map applications
  11. 11Quaternary geology
  12. 12Geological evolution of Britain
  13. 13Geology of the lithosphere
Instrument · 02Exam structure
Component 1 — Geological Investigations
A written examination that assesses the practical, mathematical and fieldwork skills of the course. It uses unfamiliar geological maps, cross-sections, photographs, specimens and data sets, and asks candidates to make measurements and calculations (dip and true thickness, rates of plate movement, radiometric ages, porosity), to interpret outcrop patterns and to draw and read cross-sections. Fieldwork is compulsory (a minimum of several days of guided fieldwork across the course) and is examined within this written component rather than as separate coursework; a calculator is allowed.
Component 2 — Geological Principles and Processes
A written examination on the core science of the subject: elements, minerals and rocks; the surface and internal processes of the rock cycle; igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock-forming processes; the internal structure of the Earth and global tectonics; rock deformation; and geological time and change. It mixes short structured questions, data-response items and extended-response answers marked by levels of response, and rewards the ability to explain processes and to link them through the rock cycle and plate tectonics.
Component 3 — Geological Applications
A written examination on the applied and thematic content: past life and past climates, Earth materials and natural resources, and geohazards, together with the optional advanced themes (Quaternary geology, the geological evolution of Britain, and the geology of the lithosphere) from which centres select. It emphasises the analysis, interpretation and evaluation of evidence — reconstructing environments and histories, assessing resources and risk, and reaching justified conclusions.
Assessment objectives, skills and grading
The three assessment objectives are AO1 (knowledge and understanding of geological materials, processes, structures and time), AO2 (application of that understanding, including in practical, fieldwork, map and quantitative contexts) and AO3 (analysing, interpreting and evaluating geological evidence and data to reach conclusions). Application and analysis together carry the larger share of the marks, so recall alone is not enough. At least 10% of the marks assess level-3 (A-Level standard) mathematical skills, and a defined proportion assess practical, fieldwork and map skills. The standalone AS is a separate, subset qualification; the full A-Level is linear, taken at the end of the two-year course, and graded A*-E (U below E).
Instrument · 03Official sources
  • WJEC / Eduqas GCE AS and A level Geology specificationWJEC / Eduqas
  • Awarding-body A-Level specifications and assessment objectives (Ofqual-regulated)Ofqual

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